Quiz: CT Quiz (1/2) (employee training


CT Quiz (1/2)Online version Slides 1-14 PP by Joshua Liberty 1 CT scan serves two purposes in Nuclear medicine. They are? a Attenuation correction b Anatomical mapping c Lesion detection d All of these e Attenuation correction and anatomical mapping f Anatomical mapping and lesion detection 2 Who discovered X-rays? a Marie Curie b Wilhelm Roentgen c William Baqurel d Pierre Curie 3 Modern X-ray tubes are evacuated glass tubes with a window for produced X-rays to leave the tube. a True b False 4 Inside vacuum tubes, e- are boiled off an electrically heated filament wire, called the ? a Anode b Cathode c Electron stream filament d Tungsten target 5 These e- are accelerated to high velocity toward the ? a Anode b Cathode c Positively charged tungsten target d Anode and positively charged tungsten target e All of these 6 What causes the e- to be accelerated to high velocity? a High potential difference sustained between the filament and the target b Low potential difference between the filament and the target c High potential difference between the glass envelope and the focusing cup d Low potential difference between the tungsten target and the focusing cup 7 Most of these e- interact with outer shell e- of the tungsten target and their kinetic energy is lost as ? a Compton scatter b Gamma rays c Electrical discharge d Heat 8 About 2% of the e- that interact with outer shell e-of tungsten target cause the release of an X-ray by? a Characteristic or Bremsstrahlung radiation b Characteristic radiation c Bremsstrahlung radiation d None of these 9 Characteristic X-rays produce variable energies from 0 KeV to a max defined by the maximum voltage or peak voltage applied between the filament and the target. a True b False 10 Bremsstrahlung interactions are discrete. a True b False 11 Larger peak applied voltage is expressed as? a Milliamps b mA c kVp d keV 12 The greater the maximum X-ray energy, and the higher the number of x-rays created. a True b False 13 The lower the energy x-rays in the x-ray beam increase rad dose to the patient but do not increase image quality. a True b False 14 In order to stop a increased rad dose to the patient from lower energy x-rays what should be applied? a Software filter b Hardware filter c Increase voltage d Decrease voltage 15 What 2 purposes do filter have on CT? a Allow for increased sensitivty b Consistent or homogeneous energy distribution across CT detectors c Decrease noise d Stops low energy x-rays e Consistent or homogeneous energy distribution across CT detectors and stops low energy x-rays 16 By removing low energy x-rays the beam is? a Hardened b Scattered c Reduced randoms d Allowing for lower temperature 17 Beam hardening results in ? a Increased rad exposure b Consistent average energy c Reduced amount of electricity needed d 18 Higher kVp advantages? a Higher rad dose to patient b Decreased ability to differentiate tissue density c Greater X-ray penetration; less noise; less beam hardening d All of these e None of these 19 Higher kVp disadvantages? a Higher rad dose to patient b Decreased ability to differentiate tissue density c Greater X-ray penetration; less noise; less beam hardening d All of these e None of these f Higher rad dose to patient, and Decreased ability to differentiate tissue density 20 Artifacts radiate from bone where lower energies were attenuated but higher pass through. a True b False 21 The amount of electricity is expressed in? a milliamps b microamps c millivolts d microvolts 22 What affects the number of total x-rays produced? a The amount of electricity b Time c The amount of electricity and time d The number of x-ray generators 23 The byproduct of producing x-rays is? a Gamma rays b Noise c Heat d Dead time 24 Heat is removed from the tungsten target by? a Copper backing b Gold backing c Rapid spinning of target d Casual spinning of target e Copper backing and Rapid spinning of target f Gold backing and Rapid spinning of target 25 Higher mA advantages? a Increased rad dose to patient b Less noise, better tissue contrast c Less noise d Better tissue contrast 26 Higher mA disadvantages? a Increased rad dose to patient b Less noise, better tissue contrast c Less noise d Better tissue contrast 27 Images created using x-rays are used to image the body, the images we see are inverse shadows. a True b False 28 Denser tissues such as bone appear dark on a X-ray. a True b False 29 Soft tissues such as lungs appear as dark spots on x-rays. a True b False 30 Like NM, x-ray using motionless x-ray source and detector is called? a Planar imaging b Dynamic imaging c SPECT imaging d None of these 31 If X-ray data is acquired over 360 degrees around the patient, the data can be reconstructed using? a Attenuation correction b Back projection c Filtered back projection d Cine player 32 There are 2 methods of CT, which uses a nonmoving ring of detectors? a Rotate-Rotate system b Stationary-Planar c Rotate-Stationary system d Rotate-Point and shoot system 33 There are 2 methods of CT, which uses a moving ring of detectors and the x-ray source moves? a Rotate-Rotate system b Stationary-Planar c Rotate-Stationary system d Rotate-Point and shoot system 34 As the x-ray source moves around the patient , at each position the tube is turned on and the patient receives _____ of x-rays. a Cone b Circle c Fan beam d slice 35 What creates the fan beam shape? a Post-patient collimator b Prepatient collimator c Shape of the x-ray tube d Material of the target 36 Why is the Post-patient collimator is used? a Decrease scatter and set slice thickness b Decrease noise c Increase sensivity d Decrease rad dose to patient 37 Post-patient collimators set slice thickness except in? a Gated CT b SPECT c Multi-slice CT d Limited scans, such as hands and feet 38 Slice thickness is is between ____ to _____ a 0.1mm to 10nm b 0.2mm to 20nm c 0.3mm to several nm d 0.4mm to 40nm 39 Slice thickness has no determination on whether a lesion can be seen? a True b False 40 Adaptive Array detector is used in? a CT b Multi-slice CT c X-ray d MRI 41 Adaptive array detectors allow varying mm detectors to be turned on or off to set slice thickness. a True b False 42 There can be individual detectors that can be grouped or combined to create varying slice thickness. a True b False 43 Advantages of Thinner collimation. Which of these is not correct? a Less volume averaging b Better resolution on sagittals and coronals c Increased spatial resolution d Fewer streaking artifact from high density objects e None of these 44 Disadvantage of Thinner collimation. Which of these is true? a Increased noise due to less photons per slice (quantum mottle) b Increased scan time (thinner slices = more slices needed per area of body) c Results in more slices based on reconstruction slice thickness setting chosen d All of these Feedback 9 They are discrete(unchangeable energy). 10 They produce variable energies from 0 KeV to a max defined by the maximum voltage or peak voltage applied between the filament and the target. 28 They appear white 39 it sets the frames to determine whether a lesion can be seen.

1

CT scan serves two purposes in Nuclear medicine. They are?

a

Attenuation correction

b

Anatomical mapping

c

Lesion detection

d

All of these

e

Attenuation correction and anatomical mapping

f

Anatomical mapping and lesion detection

2

Who discovered X-rays?

a

Marie Curie

b

Wilhelm Roentgen

c

William Baqurel

d

Pierre Curie

3

Modern X-ray tubes are evacuated glass tubes with a window for produced X-rays to leave the tube.

a

True

b

False

4

Inside vacuum tubes, e- are boiled off an electrically heated filament wire, called the ?

a

Anode

b

Cathode

c

Electron stream filament

d

Tungsten target

5

These e- are accelerated to high velocity toward the ?

a

Anode

b

Cathode

c

Positively charged tungsten target

d

Anode and positively charged tungsten target

e

All of these

6

What causes the e- to be accelerated to high velocity?

a

High potential difference sustained between the filament and the target

b

Low potential difference between the filament and the target

c

High potential difference between the glass envelope and the focusing cup

d

Low potential difference between the tungsten target and the focusing cup

7

Most of these e- interact with outer shell e- of the tungsten target and their kinetic energy is lost as ?

a

Compton scatter

b

Gamma rays

c

Electrical discharge

d

Heat

8

About 2% of the e- that interact with outer shell e-of tungsten target cause the release of an X-ray by?

a

Characteristic or Bremsstrahlung radiation

b

Characteristic radiation

c

Bremsstrahlung radiation

d

None of these

9

Characteristic X-rays produce variable energies from 0 KeV to a max defined by the maximum voltage or peak voltage applied between the filament and the target.

a

True

b

False

10

Bremsstrahlung interactions are discrete.

a

True

b

False

11

Larger peak applied voltage is expressed as?

a

Milliamps

b

mA

c

kVp

d

keV

12

The greater the maximum X-ray energy, and the higher the number of x-rays created.

a

True

b

False

13

The lower the energy x-rays in the x-ray beam increase rad dose to the patient but do not increase image quality.

a

True

b

False

14

In order to stop a increased rad dose to the patient from lower energy x-rays what should be applied?

a

Software filter

b

Hardware filter

c

Increase voltage

d

Decrease voltage

15

What 2 purposes do filter have on CT?

a

Allow for increased sensitivty

b

Consistent or homogeneous energy distribution across CT detectors

c

Decrease noise

d

Stops low energy x-rays

e

Consistent or homogeneous energy distribution across CT detectors and stops low energy x-rays

16

By removing low energy x-rays the beam is?

a

Hardened

b

Scattered

c

Reduced randoms

d

Allowing for lower temperature

17

Beam hardening results in ?

a

Increased rad exposure

b

Consistent average energy

c

Reduced amount of electricity needed

d

18

Higher kVp advantages?

a

Higher rad dose to patient

b

Decreased ability to differentiate tissue density

c

Greater X-ray penetration; less noise; less beam hardening

d

All of these

e

None of these

19

Higher kVp disadvantages?

a

Higher rad dose to patient

b

Decreased ability to differentiate tissue density

c

Greater X-ray penetration; less noise; less beam hardening

d

All of these

e

None of these

f

Higher rad dose to patient, and Decreased ability to differentiate tissue density

20

Artifacts radiate from bone where lower energies were attenuated but higher pass through.

a

True

b

False

21

The amount of electricity is expressed in?

a

milliamps

b

microamps

c

millivolts

d

microvolts

22

What affects the number of total x-rays produced?

a

The amount of electricity

b

Time

c

The amount of electricity and time

d

The number of x-ray generators

23

The byproduct of producing x-rays is?

a

Gamma rays

b

Noise

c

Heat

d

Dead time

24

Heat is removed from the tungsten target by?

a

Copper backing

b

Gold backing

c

Rapid spinning of target

d

Casual spinning of target

e

Copper backing and Rapid spinning of target

f

Gold backing and Rapid spinning of target

25

Higher mA advantages?

a

Increased rad dose to patient

b

Less noise, better tissue contrast

c

Less noise

d

Better tissue contrast

26

Higher mA disadvantages?

a

Increased rad dose to patient

b

Less noise, better tissue contrast

c

Less noise

d

Better tissue contrast

27

Images created using x-rays are used to image the body, the images we see are inverse shadows.

a

True

b

False

28

Denser tissues such as bone appear dark on a X-ray.

a

True

b

False

29

Soft tissues such as lungs appear as dark spots on x-rays.

a

True

b

False

30

Like NM, x-ray using motionless x-ray source and detector is called?

a

Planar imaging

b

Dynamic imaging

c

SPECT imaging

d

None of these

31

If X-ray data is acquired over 360 degrees around the patient, the data can be reconstructed using?

a

Attenuation correction

b

Back projection

c

Filtered back projection

d

Cine player

32

There are 2 methods of CT, which uses a nonmoving ring of detectors?

a

Rotate-Rotate system

b

Stationary-Planar

c

Rotate-Stationary system

d

Rotate-Point and shoot system

33

There are 2 methods of CT, which uses a moving ring of detectors and the x-ray source moves?

a

Rotate-Rotate system

b

Stationary-Planar

c

Rotate-Stationary system

d

Rotate-Point and shoot system

34

As the x-ray source moves around the patient , at each position the tube is turned on and the patient receives _____ of x-rays.

a

Cone

b

Circle

c

Fan beam

d

slice

35

What creates the fan beam shape?

a

Post-patient collimator

b

Prepatient collimator

c

Shape of the x-ray tube

d

Material of the target

36

Why is the Post-patient collimator is used?

a

Decrease scatter and set slice thickness

b

Decrease noise

c

Increase sensivity

d

Decrease rad dose to patient

37

Post-patient collimators set slice thickness except in?

a

Gated CT

b

SPECT

c

Multi-slice CT

d

Limited scans, such as hands and feet

38

Slice thickness is is between to _

a

0.1mm to 10nm

b

0.2mm to 20nm

c

0.3mm to several nm

d

0.4mm to 40nm

39

Slice thickness has no determination on whether a lesion can be seen?

a

True

b

False

40

Adaptive Array detector is used in?

a

CT

b

Multi-slice CT

c

X-ray

d

MRI

41

Adaptive array detectors allow varying mm detectors to be turned on or off to set slice thickness.

a

True

b

False

42

There can be individual detectors that can be grouped or combined to create varying slice thickness.

a

True

b

False

43

Advantages of Thinner collimation. Which of these is not correct?

a

Less volume averaging

b

Better resolution on sagittals and coronals

c

Increased spatial resolution

d

Fewer streaking artifact from high density objects

e

None of these

44

Disadvantage of Thinner collimation. Which of these is true?

a

Increased noise due to less photons per slice (quantum mottle)

b

Increased scan time (thinner slices = more slices needed per area of body)

c

Results in more slices based on reconstruction slice thickness setting chosen

d

All of these

Feedback

9

They are discrete(unchangeable energy).

10

They produce variable energies from 0 KeV to a max defined by the maximum voltage or peak voltage applied between the filament and the target.

28

They appear white

39

it sets the frames to determine whether a lesion can be seen.

CT Quiz (1/2)

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