Community DevelopmentOnline version Community Development by Lea Budden 1 Community development is a process based on: a Having the health professionals direct the community towards the desired social change b Providing programs to the community to drive the social change c Using social marketing directed at bringing about change in the community d Having the people draw on resources and actively drive the social change 2 Community development requires the health professional to do all of the following except: a Empower the people or community to make change b Recognise and use their own power to drive change c Support the people or community to make change d Incorporate the opinions of the people or community into decision making 3 A group in a village that only has a poor water resource from a polluted river 3 kilometres away, meet and formulate a plan to get a clean water source in the community. The villagers then become involved and ultimately they are successful in getting a new well in the village. They also develop strategies to ensure that the new water source is uncontaminated, equally shared and kept functioning. This process is an example of: a Community strengthening b Community action c Community engagement d Community health 4 Which of the following abilities are attributes that workers for community development in health require? a Understanding of local, prioritised determinants of health b The ability to see each action required for creating healthy communities in detail c The ability to work independently d The ability to use their professional power 5 Barriers to community development in health include: a Active participatory mechanisms b Support from groups with healthy investments c Long-term funding of the program d Community expectations of service deliverers 6 A health promotion activity on bullying in the workplace is planned and carried out in a workplace. Which characteristic of practices that involve the community is this an example of? a Community participation b Use of a settings approach c Consultation and discussion d Partnership 7 According to Raeburn and Corbett (2003), which of the following practices is not characteristic of community-controlled community development? a Health professionals work as co-facilitators to empower and build capacity in the community b Consultation, discussion and needs assessment involving staff from local organisations c Health professionals consult, discuss and carry out needs assessment involving community representatives d Partnership with shared balance of power and decision making 8 Freire’s (1970) adult literacy method was based on a: a Top-down linear process of education b Bottom-up linear process of education c Dynamic cyclic process involving critical reflection d Static cyclic process involving description 9 Which of the following is an organisational outcome of an empowerment program? a Motivation to act b Interest in social capital c Sustainability d Increased transparency 10 Which of the following are not community/political outcomes of an empowerment program? a Increased accountability and material assets b Decreased corruption and transparency c Increased social capital d Decreased civil liberties and participation 11 Partnerships between organisation sand community groups are used to: a Improve health outcomes b Build capacity c Build communities d All of the above 12 Partnerships, organisational and workforce development, resource allocation and leadership are all required for: a Individual development b Health promotion c Health education d Capacity building 13 Benefits that accrue from working in partnership include: a Community exclusiveness b Shared resources, knowledge and skills c Form relationships for the short-term d Decreased efficiency 14 A partnership has been formed between a number of people representing different health and other disciplines with specific knowledge to work together on a program, to develop strategies and actions for a problem that a community group has identified. This partnership is: a Project-oriented b Problem-oriented c Ethical d Ideological 15 Sharing information for mutual benefit is common to all types of partnerships, but which type of partnership includes altering activities and sharing resources for mutual benefit and common purpose? a Collaborative partnership b Coordinating partnership c Cooperating partnership d Networking partnership 16 Community engagement is a process where health workers engage with communities: a On health or social issues affecting them and the processes that will tackle the issues b In making decisions related to health policy and planning for the community c Who are making decisions related to well-being of themselves and the community d Making meaningful decisions related to care and treatment of themselves and the community 17 What principles underpin community participation where any member of the community may have input into the process? a Human rights b Democracy c Citizenship d All of the above 18 Why are middle-class health practitioner programs less likely to achieve their goal? a They fail to use processes that truly engage the community b They mainly work on individual health programs c They are too confident in their skills d They prefer to use a bottom-up approach 19 Some communities will be without the knowledge and skills to set goals, prioritise issues and forward plan. Using community development the health practitioner a Develops a plan with other experts that the community can adopt b Helps the community to remain at the point they are c Uses their expertise to make decisions and plan for the community d Works with the community at the point they are at and supports their decisions 20 Community engagement refers to a strategy that involves all of the following except: a Working with diverse groups and communities b Working with disadvantaged or vulnerable groups and communities c Working to decrease social inclusion d Working to increase access to health services
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