Wk2 Quiz External StudentsOnline version MONSTER QUIZ! by Alan Ramsay 1 Most nursing studies before 1950 focused on: a Client satisfaction b Clinical interventions c Health promotion d Nursing education 2 Which of the following groups would be best served by the development of a scientific base for nursing practice? a Nursing administrators b Practicing nurses c Nurses' clients d Health care policymakers 3 The traditional scientific method is not characterized by which of the following attributes? a Control over external factors b Systematic measurement and observation of natural phenomena c Testing of hunches deduced from theory or prior research d Emphasis on a holistic view of a phenomenon, studied in a rich context 4 The classic scientific method has its intellectual roots in: a Positivism b Determinism c Constructivism d Empiricism 5 A researcher wants to study the process by which people make decisions about seeking treatment for infertility. The researcher's paradigmatic orientation most likely is: a Positivism b Determinism c Empiricism d Naturalism 6 A researcher is studying the effect of massage on the alleviation of pain in cancer patients. The study would be described as: a Descriptive b Exploratory c Applied d Basic 7 A descriptive question that a qualitative researcher might ask is: a What are the dimensions of this phenomenon? b What is the average intensity of this phenomenon? c How frequently does this phenomenon occur? d What is the average duration of this phenomenon? 8 One of the criticisms of the scientific method is that it is overly: a Logical b Deterministic c Empirical d Reductionist 9 Over a 20-year period, Wallace and colleagues conducted a series of studies on children's pain and nurses' pain management. This is an example of: a A research program b The scientific method c Positivist research d Basic research 10 Naturalistic qualitative research typically: a Involves deductive processes b Attempts to control the research context to better understand the phenomenon being studied c Involves gathering narrative, subjective materials d Focuses on the idiosyncrasies of those being studied 11 Which of the following limits the power of the scientific method to answer questions about human life? a The necessity of departing from traditional beliefs b The shortage of theories about human behaviour c The difficulty of gaining the cooperation of humans as study participants d The difficulty of accurately measuring complex human traits 12 Empiricism refers to: a Gathering evidence about real-world phenomena through the senses b Deducing specific predictions from generalizations c Making generalizations from specific observations d Verifying the assumptions on which the study was based 13 To those espousing a positivist paradigm, a fundamental belief is that: a The researcher is objective and independent of those being studied. b The researcher cannot interact with those being studied. c The researcher instructs those being studied to be objective in providing information. d The distance between the researcher and those being researched is minimized to enhance the interactive process. 14 Which of the following would not be a current priority for clinical nursing research? a Pain management b Health promotion c Nurses' personalities d Prevention of illness 15 Confidentiality of study participants can be increased by: a Avoiding the collection of any identifying information b Avoiding introducing the participants to any of the research personnel c Placing all identifying information on computer files rather than manual files d All of the above 16 If a researcher unobtrusively studies interactions among patients in a psychiatric hospital, which ethical principle may be violated? a Confidentiality b Right to self-determination c Freedom from harm d All of the above 17 An example of research misconduct is: a Fabrication of data b Concealed observation c IRB rejection d A high monetary incentive to study participants 18 The regulations affecting the ethical conduct of research sponsored by the federal government were based on the: a Nuremberg Code b Declaration of Helsinki c Belmont Report d Code of Ethics of the American Nurses Association 19 Informed consent is not obtained when: a The researcher collects information covertly b The researcher pays the subjects a stipend c The risk/benefit ratio is low d The study is not reviewed by an IRB 20 Debriefing sessions are: a Discussions with prospective participants before a study to obtain informed consent b Discussions with participants after a study to explain various aspects of the study and provide a forum for questioning c Discussions with a human subjects committee before a study to obtain permission to proceed d Recruitment discussions with prospective participants 21 In a qualitative study that involves multiple contacts between the researcher and study participants, the researcher may negotiate a(n): a Implied consent b Stipend c Process consent d Risk/benefit ratio 22 The safeguard mechanism by which even the researcher cannot link the participant with the information provided is called: a Confidentiality b Anonymity c Informed consent d Right to privacy 23 When a research report undergoes a “blind” review for a journal, it means that: a The journal editors do not know who submitted the report. b The authors of the report do not know who the editor of the journal is. c The report is published without indicating the authors' names. d The reviewers making recommendations about publication are not told who the authors are. 24 The Tuskegee Syphilis Study violated which of the following ethical principles? a All of the below b Right to self-determination c Right to fair treatment d Freedom from harm 25 All the following are potential benefits from participating in a study, except: a Monetary gains b Access to a new and potentially beneficial treatment c Opportunity to discuss personal feelings and experiences with an objective listener d Opportunity to collaborate on a study
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