anatomy and physiologyOnline version old memories by Susan Shake it 1 A boy suffers a karate injury to the eye. There is hyphema. What is the source of this blood? a Iris vessels b Long ciliary vessels c Short ciliary vessels d Circulus iridis major e Circulus iridis minor 2 Which is true regarding blood supply to the eye/brain? (im not sure lol) a The occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex is supplied by the middle cerebral artery b One aspect of the LGN is supplied by the deep middle cerebral artery c The Zinn-Haller arterial circle supplies the prelaminar optic nerve d The ophthalmic artery contains 5-10 smooth muscles, so is considered a small artery e If the central retinal artery was occluded, vision expected would be 6/60 to 6/360 3 Adrenergic receptors in ciliary smooth muscle are primarily of the following subtype: a Beta 1 b Alpha 2 c Beta 2 d Alpha 1 e Muscarinic 4 Which type of cells do not have parts in the inner plexiform layer Choose one or more answers a Ganglion b Horizontal c Bipolar d Muller e Amacrine f 5 The ellipsoid and myoid are components of which retinal cell type? a PR cells b Ganglion cells c Bipolar cells d Horizontal cells e RPE cells 6 Macular has a diameter of a 5 degrees b 10 degrees c 20 degrees d 40 degrees e 60 degrees 7 IOP rises when a Running b Laying down c Standing up d Swimming e Sitting 8 Which of the following is not part of the light-reflex pathway? a Edinger-Westphal nucleus b Pretectal nucleus c Ciliary ganglion d Oculomotor nerve e They are all correct 9 Of the twelve cranial nerves, which is INCORRECT? Select one a the auditory nerve is associated with hearing and balance b the facial nerve has both sensory & motor function c the only cranial nerve with total decussation is trochlear d both ON & CN3 display partial decussation e the only CN with partial decussation is ON 10 Patient has had bilateral stroke and now has cerebral achromatopsia. The affected area is a V1 b V2 c V3 d V4 e V5 11 Your patient has motion blindness. Damage has most likely occurred in the a V1 b V2 c V3 d V4 e V5 12 Arachidonic acid inflammatory metabolites aka eicosanoids are called: Select one a Prostaglandins b Thromboxane c Leukotrienes d A&B e all of them above 13 Opening a potassium channel in the cell at normal resting membrane potential (~-70mV) will: a Allow potassium to flow in and the cell hyperpolarise b Potassium to flow out and sodium to flow in causing an action potential c Potassium to flow out and the cell hyperpolarise d Potassium to flow out and the cell depolarise e Lysosomes are involved in plasma membrane digestion 14 The primary means of dissipation of Noradrenaline is by: Select one a Monoamine oxidase b Diffusion c Catechol-o-methyl transferasehik d active transport e acetylcholine 15 The primary means of dissipation of Acetylcholine is by: Select one a Diffusion b Monoamine oxidase c active transport d Acetylcholine esterase e catechol-o-methyl transferase 16 Beta 2 receptors are a Cholinergic, found mainly in the lungs b Cholinergic, found mainly in the hearts c adrenergic, found mainly in the hearts d adrenergic, found mainly in the eyes e adrenergic, found mainly in the lungs 17 Vasoconstriction occurs when which is stimulated a Alpha 1 receptors b Alpha 2 c Beta 1 receptors d Beta 2 18 Where is the tricuspid valve located? a Right side of heart between right atrium and right ventricle b Left side of heart between left atrium and left ventricle c Aorta d Brain 19 A foreign body travelling along the blood stream is known as a an infarct b a thrombus c a dvt d hollenhorst plaque 20 What does not have the potential to form emboli? a Thrombus b Air c Fat d Plasma 21 Which of the following can never be found blocking a retinal vessel? a bone marrow b fat c cholesterol d tumour deposits 22 What cells produce antibodies? a Plasma b T-helper cells c NK d B-cells 23 Which of the following are functions of antibodies? I) Neutralization of antigens II) Immobilization of bacteria III) Agglutination and precipitation of antigen IV) Activation of complement V) Enhancement of phagocytosis Select one a I, III and IV b II, III and IV c I, II and IV d all of them above 24 Antibody involved in an acute allergic response is: a IgA b IgE c IgG d IgD 25 Type I Hypersensitivity response involves a IgE and mast cells b IgE and polymorphonuclear leukocytes c IgA and polymorphonuclear leukocytes d IgM and mast cells Feedback 4 Horizontal: along INL, OPL 6 If Q asks for mm, go for 5mm 8 The afferent (retina → midbrain) and efferent (parasympathetic = midbrain → iris) pathway forms the light reflex pathway Afferent = RGC → optic nerve → optic chiasm → optic tract → pretectal nucleus → Edinger-Westphal nucleus Efferent = Edinger-Westphal nucleus and accommodative fibre → CNIII → ciliary ganglion --> short ciliary nerve → iris sphincter and cililary body 10 V1: direction, orientation V2: SF, orientation, color, pattern V3: global motion, color V4: SF, orientation, color, geometric shapes V5: motion 19 A better answer would be embolus (Hollenhorst plaque is an embolus made of cholesterol) A thrombus = a blood clot and doesn’t move 20 Emboli can be formed by thrombus, air, fat, cholesterol, amniotic fluid, nitrogen, tumour, infective agents.
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