Psych Research and Neuroscience QuizOnline version Test your knowledge on research methods, brain science, and neurotransmitters. by hgjklgufygchk ijgtrsdjjjkhh 1 What is the main goal of scientific research in psychology? a To express opinions as facts b To avoid replication c To prove a theory always true d To arrive at evidence-based conclusions e To end debate immediately 2 Deductive reasoning moves from general to specific via? a Theory to data b Opinion to evidence c Data to theory d Hypothesis to anecdote e Observation to bias 3 Inductive reasoning relies on what to form conclusions? a Observations and experiences b Fixed outcomes c Official rules only d Pure guesswork e Theoretical mandates 4 What is a hypothesis in research terms? a A random thought b A literature review c An educated guess to test d A proven fact e A data collection method 5 Data used to inform decisions is based on? a Tradition b Opinion alone c Speculation d Empirical evidence e Celebrity views 6 Which term describes evidence that can be replicated? a Originality b Ambiguity c Uncertainty d Inconsistency e Replicability 7 What does a correlational study show? a Diagnosis b Measurement error c Causation d Association between variables e Treatment effect 8 What is a sampling technique that aims for representativeness? a Convenience sampling b Purposive sampling c Random sampling d Snowball sampling e Volunteer sampling 9 Which system is responsible for fight, flight, or freeze? a Enteric system b Parasympathetic system c Somatic system d Sympathetic nervous system e Central nervous system 10 Homeostasis refers to what state? a Constant arousal b Random fluctuations c Chaos d External control e Biological balance 11 Which neurotransmitter is linked to mood and sleep? a Glutamate only b Acetylcholine c Dopamine only d Serotonin e Norepinephrine only 12 Dopamine is primarily associated with? a Digestive control b Immune response c Vision and hearing d Motivation and reward e Muscle contraction only 13 What does epigenetics study? a Dietary fats only b Protein synthesis alone c DNA sequence changes only d How genes are expressed by environment e Learning styles 14 Nature vs nurture debate concerns? a Dietary effects alone b Only genes c Genetic influence vs environment d Only environment e Cultural norms only 15 What is a null hypothesis? a No effect or relationship expected b Causal conclusion c A theory d Strong effect expected e A data collection plan 16 What does post-hoc analysis involve? a Planning data first b Discarding data c Ignoring results d Only theoretical work e Examining data after collection 17 What is a peer-reviewed article? a Based on opinion pieces b Reviewed by experts before publication c Not checked for quality d Reviewed by authors only e Self-published online 18 Which term describes a cause-and-effect relationship? a Correlation b Prediction c Association d Conjecture e Causation 19 Independent variable does what in an experiment? a Is random noise b Is measured as outcome c Is uncontrolled d Causes change in the dependent variable e Remains constant 20 What is a dependent variable? a The sample size b The random seed c The literature review d The manipulated factor e Outcome measured in response to IV 21 Descriptive statistics mainly? a Create new data b Summarize data features c Infer relationships d Prove hypotheses e Predict future data 22 Inferential statistics are used to? a Make generalizations from samples b Describe single data points c Set fixed truths d Replace data collection e Ignore variability 23 What is a confounding variable? a A factor that distorts the effect of IV b A measurement tool c A control variable d A random error only e A fixed constant 24 What does random sampling improve? a Generalizability b Narrow conclusions c Subjectivity d Experiment duration e Bias 25 Which brain region is central to stress responses? a Cerebellum b Amygdala c Frontal lobe only d Hippocampus only e Occipital lobe 26 Which neurotransmitter is linked to arousal and attention? a Norepinephrine b Glutamate c Endorphin d GABA e Serotonin 27 Which substance reduces activity and induces sleep? a Stimulants b Opioids c Dopamine d Hallucinogens e Sedatives 28 Normalization in data means? a Averaging all values b Adjusting values to a common scale c Increasing data size d Deleting data points e Ignoring outliers 29 What is a placebo effect? a Statistical error b Actual treatment effect c No change at all d Biological mutation e Improvement due to belief in treatment 30 What does a theory do in science? a Replaces experiments b Donalds conclusions c Explains and predicts phenomena d Only describes data e Provides opinions 31 What is ecological validity? a Statistical significance b Sample size only c Funding amount d Laboratory control only e Relevance to real-world settings 32 What is peer review primarily for? a Marketing a paper b Reducing costs c Quality control by experts d Copy editing only e Increasing author count 33 Epigenetics studies how gene expression is regulated by? a Only diet b Genetic mutations only c Only exercise d Environmental factors e DNA sequence changes alone 34 What does a placebo control help determine? a Brand preference b Treatment burden c Cost of therapy d Duration of study e Actual treatment effect vs expectation 35 What is the central nervous system composed of? a Brain and spinal cord b Muscles only c Nerves only d Glands only e Peripheral nerves only 36 What is a major function of the autonomic system? a Fine motor control b Regulates internal organs c Conscious thought d Memory encoding e Voluntary movement 37 What does reliability refer to in research? a External validity only b Novelty of results c Consistency of results d Single study truth e Sample size 38 What describes base-rate information in statistics? a Prior probability of outcomes b Only sample data c Irrelevant metrics d Individual beliefs e Subjective guesses 39 What is the main role of the hippocampus? a Visual processing only b Motor control only c Language production d Emotion processing only e Memory formation 40 What does a cross-sectional study compare? a Only one person b Historical records only c The same group over time d Different groups at one point e Experimental manipulation 41 What does external validity concern? a Publication bias b Data entry accuracy c Internal logic only d Generalizability beyond the sample e Statistical power only 42 What is a control group? a Ignored in analysis b Replaced by another sample c Only for observations d Baseline comparison with no random treatment e Receives the active treatment 43 What does a theory of evolution rely on? a Random chance alone b Natural selection and adaptation c Fixed genetic destiny d Post-hoc excuses e Environmentless change 44 What is the primary purpose of hypotheses testing? a Publish regardless of results b Ignore data quality c Avoid replication d Evaluate predictions with data e Prove all data true 45 What is a sample in research? a A random guess b Only the researcher’s friends c A subset of the population d A dataset with errors e The entire population 46 Which neurotransmitter is linked to learning and memory? a Serotonin b Glutamate c Acetylcholine d Dopamine e GABA 47 Which system is somatic nervous system part of? a Peripheral nervous system b Central nervous system c Limbic system d Endocrine system e Autonomic system 48 What is sampling bias? a Measurement error b No error at all c Systematic error in selecting sample d Random sampling error e Properly representative sample 49 Which term describes data-driven decision making? a Authority-based practice b Opinion-based practice c Belief-based practice d Evidence-based practice e Tradition-based practice 50 What does a p-value indicate? a Probability results occurred by chance b Effect size c Replication success d Study duration e Sample size 51 Which neurotransmitter is linked to mood regulation? a Serotonin b Dopamine c Acetylcholine d GABA e Glutamate 52 The somatic nervous system controls? a Autonomic functions b Voluntary movements c Involuntary reflexes only d Hormone release e Sympathetic activation 53 What does a double-blind study ensure? a Participants know assignments only b No control group c Researchers know assignments only d No randomization e Neither participants nor researchers know group assignment 54 What is the main purpose of literature review? a Collect new data only b Exclude conflicting studies c Prove a point regardless d Summarize current knowledge e Publish quickly 55 Which term means a tendency to notice information supporting beliefs? a Recall bias b Confirmation bias c Sample bias d Hindsight bias e Anchoring 56 Which area studies nerve cell communication? a Economics b Anthropology c Neuroscience d Sociology e Psychometrics 57 What does a randomized controlled trial (RCT) do? a Eliminates all variables b Ignore control groups c Locks in effects d Only observational data e Minimizes bias with random assignment 58 Which neurotransmitter is primarily inhibitory in the brain? a GABA b Norepinephrine c Glutamate d Acetylcholine e Dopamine 59 What is delirium a disorder of? a Language only b Memory alone c Sensory perception alone d Motor function only e Attention and cognition 60 Which concept describes shared variability among measures? a Randomness b Causation c Probability d Independence e Correlation 61 Which brain structure processes fear? a Occipital lobe b Frontal cortex c Cerebellum d Hippocampus e Amygdala 62 What does a longitudinal study examine? a Only cross-sectional data b Changes over time c Unchanging variables d A single time point e Immediate effects only 63 What is the purpose of control variables? a Reduce confounding effects b Hide data c Overcomplicate results d Increase bias e Ignore results 64 What is a hypothesis-driven experiment? a Produces fixed results b Explores randomly c Ignores prior literature d Tests a stated prediction e Describes data only 65 Which term means the strength of a relationship is measured by r? a Confidence interval b Regression slope c P-value d Correlation coefficient e Effect size 66 What does external validity protect against? a Infinite samples b Null results c Overgeneralization bias d Perfect replication e Limited generalizability 67 Which neurotransmitter is linked to reward pathways? a Acetylcholine b Glutamate c Dopamine d GABA e Serotonin 68 What is qualitative data focused on? a Statistical tests b Descriptions and meanings c Numbers only d P-values e Confidence intervals 69 Which term describes the random assignment of subjects to groups? a Self-selection b Matching c Quota sampling d Assignment by researcher preference e Randomization 70 What does the autonomic system regulate? a Involuntary functions b Conscious actions c Decision making d Memory recall e Muscle strength 71 What is a major limitation of self-report data? a Free from error b Highly objective c Always accurate d Susceptible to bias e Never biased
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