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Western and Eastern Beginnings of Philosophy

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Western and Eastern Beginnings of Philosophy

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About this activity

Origins of philosophy in West and East

Created by

Gil Poblete Jr
Gil Poblete Jr
Philippines

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Western and Eastern Beginnings of Philosophy
 

Western and Eastern Beginnings of PhilosophyOnline version

Origins of philosophy in West and East

by Gil Poblete Jr
1

Opening Question

What is philosophy? A quest to understand reality, knowledge, and how we should live, across cultures.

Source hints: Western and Eastern beginnings set the stage for this inquiry.

2

Slide 2: Pre-Socratic Shift

Early Western thinkers moved from myths to natural explanations. They asked what underlies all things, not who created them.

Consider Thales and the archê idea as a starting point.

3

Slide 3: Thales’ Water

Thales proposed water as the fundamental substance of reality due to observable transformations.

This marked a move toward rational inquiry.

4

Slide 4: Other Presocratics

Anaximander spoke of the Apeiron, Anaximenes chose air, and other Presocratics explored change and form.

They laid groundwork for scientific thinking.

5

Slide 5: East Asia’s Beginning

In the East, philosophy emerged through moral and metaphysical questions within rich traditions like Confucian thought.

Ancient dialogues built toward social harmony and virtue.

6

Slide 6: Confucius’ Focus

Confucius stressed ritual (li), virtue (ren), and proper relationships to restore order.

Past sages guided present life and governance.

7

Slide 7: The Analects

Key Analects themes: family, duty, leadership by moral example, and lifelong learning.

Ethics informed social harmony in East Asian thought.

8

Slide 8: The Life of Siddhartha

Siddhartha Gautama sought liberation from suffering, becoming the Buddha after insight under the Bodhi tree.

His path centers on understanding suffering and liberation.

9

Slide 9: The Four Noble Truths

The Buddha’s framework: suffering exists,Attachment causes it, there is an end, and the Eightfold Path leads there.

Ethical living guides insight.

10

Slide 10: The Eightfold Path

Right Understanding through Right Concentration create a disciplined mind for enlightenment.

Practices include speech, action, livelihood, and mindfulness.

11

Slide 11: Descartes’ Age of Doubt

Descartes doubted everything to find a foundation of certainty, amid the Scientific Revolution.

The Cogito becomes a starting point.

12

Slide 12: Cogito and Certainty

“I think, therefore I am” anchors self-awareness as a basis for knowledge.

Mathematics exemplifies indubitable truths in his view.

13

Slide 13: Being and Truth

Presocratics asked: what is being? Plato and Aristotle then argued about truth through forms and empirical study.

Philosophical methods diversify across cultures.

14

Slide 14: Faith and Reason

Medieval thinkers sought harmony between faith and reason, shaping later debates on knowledge and morality.

Connection points across traditions emerge here.

15

Slide 15: Certainty vs. Irrationality

Modern and contemporary questions examine certainty, bias, and the limits of reason in both West and East.

Philosophical inquiry remains a global conversation.

16

Slide 16: Suffering as a Universal Topic

Across traditions, understanding suffering motivates ethical and metaphysical inquiry.

The Buddha’s and Descartes’ contrasts illuminate diverse approaches.

17

Slide 17: Cross-Cultural Methods

Rational inquiry and holistic understanding shape early philosophy in West and East.

Both traditions encourage critical thinking and dialogue.

18

Slide 18: Core Definitions

Philosophy can be seen as a set of ideas or a way of thinking—applied to daily life.

Definitions evolve through cultural contexts.

19

Slide 19: Key Figures to Remember

Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes; Confucius, Buddha; Descartes are anchors in this history.

Each offers a distinct pathway to understanding.

20

Slide 20: Reflection and Connection

What question resonates with you across traditions? How can you apply it to today’s world?

Philosophy travels with us across time and space.

 
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