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Sensores y Actuadores en Robótica

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Sensores y Actuadores en Robótica

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About this activity

Conceptos clave para bachillerato

Created by

cristina
cristina
Spain

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Sensores y Actuadores en Robótica
 

Sensores y Actuadores en RobóticaOnline version

Conceptos clave para bachillerato

by cristina
1

Introducción

En robótica, los sensores detectan señales del entorno o del propio robot. Los actuadores transforman esas señales en movimiento o acción.

2

Sensores básicos

Los sensores miden cantidades físicas como temperatura, distancia, luz y contacto. Proporcionan datos al cerebro del robot, el controlador.

3

Ejemplos de sensores

  • Sensor de distancia (ultrasónico)
  • Sensor de temperatura
  • Sensor de luz (fotodetector)
  • Sensor de contacto
4

Actuadores básicos

Los actuadores convierten señales eléctricas en movimiento: motores, servomotores, cilindros neumáticos o hidráulicos.

5

Ejemplos de actuadores

  • Motor DC
  • Servomotor
  • Cilindro neumático
  • Cilindro hidráulico
6

Ciclo de control

Percepción (sensor) → procesamiento (controlador) → acción (actuador). Es un lazo de realimentación que ajusta la precisión del robot.

7

Tipo de sensores

Se clasifican en contacto, con superficie sensible, ópticos, infrarrojos, ultrasónicos y cámaras.

8

Tipo de actuadores

Actuadores eléctricos (motores), y neumáticos/hidráulicos (fuerza y rapidez). Cada uno tiene aplicaciones distintas.

9

Integración en un robot

Elige sensores y actuadores compatibles, planifica la comunicación y realiza pruebas en escenarios simples para validar el sistema.

10

Ejemplo práctico

Robot seguidor de línea: sensor óptico detecta la línea, controlador ajusta la dirección y el motor para mantenerla.
 
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