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Procesos térmicos: temple y revenido

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Procesos térmicos: temple y revenido

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About this activity

Tratamientos térmicos clave

Created by

BORIS MASMELA RODRIGUEZ
BORIS MASMELA RODRIGUEZ
Colombia

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Procesos térmicos: temple y revenido
 

Procesos térmicos: temple y revenidoOnline version

Tratamientos térmicos clave

by BORIS MASMELA RODRIGUEZ
1

Introducción

Los procesos térmicos modifican la estructura metalúrgica. En particular, el temple y el revenido buscan aumentar dureza, resistencias y tenacidad.

2

Qué es el temple

El temple consiste en calentamiento al rojo o zona crítica, seguido de enfriamiento rápido. Esto genera una fase martensítica dura y frágil.

3

Objetivo del temple

Primero, aumentar la dureza y resistencia al desgaste; segundo, fijar la forma y mejorar propiedades mecánicas para cargas elevadas.

4

Enfriamiento rápido

El enfriamiento puede ser en agua, aceite o aire. La elección depende del metal, tamaño de pieza, y riesgos de grietas.

5

Efectos del temple

La martensita provoca alta dureza, pero reduce tenacidad. Pueden aparecer tensiones residuales y posible fragilidad si mal aplicado.

6

Qué es el revenido

El revenido reduce la dureza excesiva tras temple y incrementa la tenacidad, al reequilibrar la mezcla de fases.

7

Procedimiento de revenido

Tras el temple, se recalienta a temperaturas moderadas (por debajo de la critical) y se mantiene por tiempo. Luego se enfría lentamente.

8

Efectos del revenido

Se obtiene mejor tenacidad, menor fragilidad y mayor resistencia a impactos, a costa de una ligera pérdida de dureza.

9

Factores de diseño

La temperatura de temple, el rango, el medio de enfriamiento y la velocidad influyen en la microestructura final.

10

Aplicaciones prácticas

Componentes de herramientas, ejes, muelles y piezas de maquinaria se benefician cuando se controla temple y revenido adecuadamente.
 
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