cystic diseases of kidney

1.Kidney cystic lesions are classified as congenital or acquired, and either non-neoplastic or neoplastic.
2.Congenital, non-neoplastic cysts are the most common type.
3.These lesions can occur at any age, from fetal development (detected via ultrasound) to old age.
4.Clinical presentations include abdominal masses, infections, and respiratory distress due to pulmonary hypoplasia.
5.Hemorrhage and potential neoplastic transformation are also clinical concerns.
6.Potter categorized developmental renal cystic lesions into three types.
7.Multicystic Renal Dysplasia (Potter type II) involves disorganized metanephrogenic differentiation.
8.It is the most prevalent cystic renal disease in newborns and infants.
9.This condition can be sporadic or familial, sometimes part of a syndrome.
10.It's often associated with urinary tract obstructions, like PUJ obstruction, ureteral atresia, and urethral obstruction.
11.Macroscopically, the dysplastic kidney presents as a mass of multiple cysts, resembling grapes.
12.Normal renal parenchyma is largely obscured, and the calyces and pelvis may be unidentifiable.
13.The ureter is consistently abnormal, either absent or atretic.
14.Histologically, undifferentiated mesenchyme with smooth muscle, cartilage, and immature collecting ducts is characteristic.
15.Cysts are dilated tubules lined by flattened epithelium, surrounded by connective tissue, with sparse and primitive glomeruli and tubules.