Quiz: CHAPTER 17 (chapter 17)


CHAPTER 17Online version CHAPTER 17 by Marina Mazoteras Serrano 1 The product moment correlation is also known as the Pearson correlation coefficient and as ________. a simple correlation b bivariate correlation c correlation coefficient d all of the above 2 ________ is best to use to determine how strongly sales are related to advertising expenditures. a Multiple regression analysis b Partial correlation coefficient c ANOVA d Product moment correlation (r) 3 ) The ________ is a statistic summarizing the strength of association between two metric variables. a Multiple regression analysis b Partial correlation coefficient c ANOVA d Product moment correlation (r) 4 The equation for r involves dividing the ________ by ________ a COVxy; the product of the variance of X and Y (Sx 2S y 2) b product of the standard deviation of X and Y (SxSy); COVxy c COVxy; the product of the standard deviation of X and Y (SxSy) d product of the variances of X and Y (Sx 2S y 2); COVxy 5 The equation for r is represented as ________ a COVxy/ Sx 2S y 2 b SxSy/COV c COVxy/ SxSy d Sx 2S y 2/COV 6 In the equation COVxy/ SxSy, Sx and Sy represent ________. a the standard deviation of X and Y b the variances of X and Y c the means of X and Y d the strength of the effects of X and Y 7 ) r2 measures ________ a the proportion of variation in one variable that is explained by the other b the proportion of error variation c the proportion of variation in Y related to the variation of the categories of X d the proportion of variation in Y due to the variation within each of the categories of X 8 r = 0 indicates ________. a X and Y have a relationship b X and Y don't have a linear relationship c X and Y are unrelated d X and Y have a linear relationship 9 Which statement about the correlation coefficient, r, is true? a The calculation of r assumes that X and Y are metric variables whose distributions have the same shape. b The correlation coefficient computed for a population is denoted by ρ(rho). c Data obtained by using rating scales with a small number of categories tends to deflate r. d All of the statements are true. 10 Which statement is not true about correlation matrices? a Usually only the lower portion of the matrix is considered. b The diagonal elements all equal 0. c A correlation matrix indicates the coefficient of correlation between each pair of variables. d The upper triangular portion of the matrix is a mirror image of the lower triangular portion. 11 The ________ is a measure of the association between two variables after controlling or adjusting for the effects of one or more additional variables. a regression analysis b partial correlation coefficient c ANOVA d product moment correlation 12 The question of "How strongly are sales related to advertising expenditures when the effect of price is controlled?" is best answered via ________. a bivariate regression analysis b partial correlation coefficient c ANOVA d product moment correlation 13 Which statement is not correct about the partial correlation coefficient? a Partial correlations can be helpful for detecting spurious relationships. b The partial correlation coefficient is generally viewed as more important than the part correlation coefficient. c The partial correlation coefficient represents the correlation between Y and X when the linear effects of the other independent variables have been removed from X but not from Y. d The partial correlation coefficient can be calculated by a knowledge of the simple correlations alone. 14 Partial correlations have an order associated with them. The order indicates how many variables are being adjusted or controlled. The simple correlation coefficient, r, has a ________, as it does not control for any additional variables when measuring the association between two variables. The coefficient rsy.z is a ________ partial correlation coefficient, as it controls for the effect of one additional variable, Z. a zero-order; first-order b zero-order; second-order c first-order; second-order d first-order; third-order 15 The relationship between X and Y is spurious if ________ a Y increases exponentially with increases in X b the correlation between X and Y disappears when the effect of Z is controlled c Y decreases exponentially with decreases in X d both A and C are correct 16 ry(x.z) represents the ________. a partial correlation b Pearson correlation c part correlation d partition correlation 17 Which of the following is a measure of nonmetric correlation? a Pearson product moment correlation b Spearman's rho c Kendall's tau d both B and C 18 When considering nonmetric correlation, as a rule of thumb, ________ is to be preferred when a large number of cases fall into a relatively small number of categories (thereby leading to a large number of ties). a Spearman's rho b Kendall's tau c chi-square d Pearson product moment correlation 19 ________ is a statistical procedure for analyzing associative relationships between a metric dependent variable and one or more independent variables. a Regression analysis b Partial correlation coefficient c ANOVA d Product moment correlation 20 _______ is a procedure for deriving a mathematical relationship, in the form of an equation, between a single metric dependent variable and a single metric independent variable. a Chi-square b Part correlation c Multiple regression d Bivariate regression 21 Which of the following situations is best addressed by regression? a Is there an association between market share and the size of the sales force? b Is there an association between market share and size of the sales force after adjusting for the effect of sales promotion? c Determine how much of the variation in the dependent variable (store sales) can be explained by the independent variables (price and level of advertisement). d Are consumers' perceptions of quality related to their perceptions of prices when the effect of brand image is controlled? 22 Which statement is not true about regression analysis? a The terms dependent or criterion variables, and independent or predictor variables in regression analysis do not imply that the criterion variable is dependent on the independent variables in a causal sense. b Regression analysis can be used to determine if color preference is related to product size and price. c Regression can be used to predict the values of the dependent variable. d Regression analysis is a powerful and flexible procedure for analyzing associative relationships between a metric dependent variable and one or more independent variables. 23 A technique for fitting a straight line to a scattergram by minimizing the square of the vertical distances of all the points from the line is known as the ________. a least-square procedure b scatter diagram plot c sum of square errors procedure d maximum residual procedure 24 The bivariate regression model that accounts for the probabilistic or stochastic nature of the relationship between X and Y is ________. a Ŷ = a + b1X1 + b2X2 b Y = β0 + β1 Xi c Yi =β0 + β1 Xi + ei d Ŷ i = a + bXi 25 What is the bivariate regression equation if sample observations are used to predict Y? a Ŷ = a + b1X1 + b2X2 b Y = β0 + β1 Xi c Yi =β0 + β1 Xi + ei d Ŷ i = a + bXi 26 Which statement is not true about the constant b in the bivariate regression equation Ŷ i = a + bXi? a It is usually referred to as the non-standardized regression coefficient. b It is the slope of the regression line and it indicates the expected change in Y when X is changed by one unit. c It is the intercept of the regression line and it indicates the value of Y when X is zero. d It may be computed as b=COVxy/Sx 2 . 27 Which equation depicts the relationship between the standardized and non-standardized regression coefficients? a Byx = byx(S2 x/S2 y) b B2 yx = byx(Sx/Sy) c Byx = byx(Sx/Sy) d B2 yx = byx(S2 x/S2 y) 28 The standard deviation of b, or the standard error, is denoted as ________. a SEb b SDb c SSYb d none of the above 29 In bivariate regression, which statement is true concerning the coefficient of determination, r2? a r2 is the square of the simple correlation coefficient obtained by correlating the two variables. b r2 varies between 0 and 1 c r2 signifies the proportion of the total variation in Y accounted for by the variation in X. d All are correct. 30 ________ is the appropriate test statistic to use to determine the significance of the coefficient of determination in bivariate regression. a F statistic b T statistic c Z statistic d ω2 31 To estimate the accuracy of predicted values, Ŷ, found in bivariate regression, it is useful to calculate the ________, the standard deviation of the actual Y values for the predicted Ŷ values. a coefficient of determination b standard error of the estimate c covariance d standard error 32 ________ is a statistical technique that simultaneously develops a mathematical relationship between two or more independent variables and an interval-scaled dependent variable. a Chi-square b The least-squares procedure c Multiple regression d Bivariate regression 33 The general form of the multiple regression model is estimated by which equation? a Ŷ i = a + bXi b Ŷ i =β0 + β1 Xi + ei c Ŷ =a + b1 X1 + b2 X2 + b3X3 + ... + bkXk d Ŷ = a + b1X1 + b2X2 34 Which statistic is associated only with multiple regression and not with bivariate regression? a adjusted R2 b partial F test c estimated or predicted value (Ŷ) d both A and B 35 The ________ denotes the change in the predicted value, Ŷ, per unit change in X1 when the other independent variables, X2 to Xk, are held constant. a partial regression coefficient b partial correlation coefficient c part correlation coefficient d part regression coefficient 36 Which statement is not true about partial regression coefficients? a The combined effects of X1 and X2 on Y are additive. In other words, if X1 and X2 are each changed by one unit, the expected change in Y would be (b1 + b2). b The beta coefficients are the partial regression coefficients obtained when all the variables (Y, X1, X2...Xk) have been standardized to a mean of 0 and a variance of 1 before estimating the regression equation. c Partial regression coefficients have an order associated with them. d Both A and B are not true 37 In multiple regression, if the overall null hypothesis is rejected, ________. a the mean value of the dependent variable will be different for different categories of the independent variable b the means of the independent variables are not equal c there is an association between the independent variables d one or more population partial regression coefficients have a value different from 0 38 In multiple regression, if the overall null hypothesis is rejected, which statement is true? a We know which specific βs are nonzero. b We can use t = b/SEb to determine which βs are nonzero. c We do not know which βs are nonzero. d Both B and C are correct. 39 ________ is a regression procedure in which the predictor variables enter or leave the regression equation one at a time. a Multiple regression b Bivariate regression c Dummy variable regression d Stepwise regression 40 ________ is a state of very high intercorrelations among independent variables. a Hypercollinearity b Partial collinearity c Multicollinearity d Variable collinearity 41 Which of the following is not a problem associated with multicollinearity? a The partial regression coefficients may not be estimated precisely. The standard errors are likely to be high. b It becomes difficult to assess the relative importance of the independent variables in explaining the variation in the dependent variables. c Predictor variables may be incorrectly included or removed in stepwise regression. d It becomes difficult to compute the correct test statistic. 42 Which statement is true about cross-validation. a It can be used for evaluating the model for chance variations in the data and other problems associated with regression. b It examines whether the regression model continues to hold on comparable data not used in the estimation. c A special form of validation is called double cross-validation where the sample is split into halves d All of the above statements are true. 43 ________ variables may be used as predictors or independent variables by coding them as dummy variables. a Interval b categorical c ratio d aloe the above 44 The regression equation for a categorical variable with four categories would be modeled as ________. a Ŷ i = a + b1 D1 + b2 D2 + b3D3 b Ŷ i = a + b1 D1 + b2 D2 + b3D3 + b4D4 c d

1

The product moment correlation is also known as the Pearson correlation coefficient and as ________.

a

simple correlation

b

bivariate correlation

c

correlation coefficient

d

all of the above

2

________ is best to use to determine how strongly sales are related to advertising expenditures.

a

Multiple regression analysis

b

Partial correlation coefficient

c

ANOVA

d

Product moment correlation (r)

3

) The ________ is a statistic summarizing the strength of association between two metric variables.

a

Multiple regression analysis

b

Partial correlation coefficient

c

ANOVA

d

Product moment correlation (r)

4

The equation for r involves dividing the by

a

COVxy; the product of the variance of X and Y (Sx 2S y 2)

b

product of the standard deviation of X and Y (SxSy); COVxy

c

COVxy; the product of the standard deviation of X and Y (SxSy)

d

product of the variances of X and Y (Sx 2S y 2); COVxy

5

The equation for r is represented as ________

a

COVxy/ Sx 2S y 2

b

SxSy/COV

c

COVxy/ SxSy

d

Sx 2S y 2/COV

6

In the equation COVxy/ SxSy, Sx and Sy represent ________.

a

the standard deviation of X and Y

b

the variances of X and Y

c

the means of X and Y

d

the strength of the effects of X and Y

7

) r2 measures ________

a

the proportion of variation in one variable that is explained by the other

b

the proportion of error variation

c

the proportion of variation in Y related to the variation of the categories of X

d

the proportion of variation in Y due to the variation within each of the categories of X

8

r = 0 indicates ________.

a

X and Y have a relationship

b

X and Y don't have a linear relationship

c

X and Y are unrelated

d

X and Y have a linear relationship

9

Which statement about the correlation coefficient, r, is true?

a

The calculation of r assumes that X and Y are metric variables whose distributions have the same shape.

b

The correlation coefficient computed for a population is denoted by ρ(rho).

c

Data obtained by using rating scales with a small number of categories tends to deflate r.

d

All of the statements are true.

10

Which statement is not true about correlation matrices?

a

Usually only the lower portion of the matrix is considered.

b

The diagonal elements all equal 0.

c

A correlation matrix indicates the coefficient of correlation between each pair of variables.

d

The upper triangular portion of the matrix is a mirror image of the lower triangular portion.

11

The ________ is a measure of the association between two variables after controlling or adjusting for the effects of one or more additional variables.

a

regression analysis

b

partial correlation coefficient

c

ANOVA

d

product moment correlation

12

The question of "How strongly are sales related to advertising expenditures when the effect of price is controlled?" is best answered via ________.

a

bivariate regression analysis

b

partial correlation coefficient

c

ANOVA

d

product moment correlation

13

Which statement is not correct about the partial correlation coefficient?

a

Partial correlations can be helpful for detecting spurious relationships.

b

The partial correlation coefficient is generally viewed as more important than the part correlation coefficient.

c

The partial correlation coefficient represents the correlation between Y and X when the linear effects of the other independent variables have been removed from X but not from Y.

d

The partial correlation coefficient can be calculated by a knowledge of the simple correlations alone.

14

Partial correlations have an order associated with them. The order indicates how many variables are being adjusted or controlled. The simple correlation coefficient, r, has a , as it does not control for any additional variables when measuring the association between two variables. The coefficient rsy.z is a partial correlation coefficient, as it controls for the effect of one additional variable, Z.

a

zero-order; first-order

b

zero-order; second-order

c

first-order; second-order

d

first-order; third-order

15

The relationship between X and Y is spurious if ________

a

Y increases exponentially with increases in X

b

the correlation between X and Y disappears when the effect of Z is controlled

c

Y decreases exponentially with decreases in X

d

both A and C are correct

16

ry(x.z) represents the ________.

a

partial correlation

b

Pearson correlation

c

part correlation

d

partition correlation

17

Which of the following is a measure of nonmetric correlation?

a

Pearson product moment correlation

b

Spearman's rho

c

Kendall's tau

d

both B and C

18

When considering nonmetric correlation, as a rule of thumb, ________ is to be preferred when a large number of cases fall into a relatively small number of categories (thereby leading to a large number of ties).

a

Spearman's rho

b

Kendall's tau

c

chi-square

d

Pearson product moment correlation

19

________ is a statistical procedure for analyzing associative relationships between a metric dependent variable and one or more independent variables.

a

Regression analysis

b

Partial correlation coefficient

c

ANOVA

d

Product moment correlation

20

_______ is a procedure for deriving a mathematical relationship, in the form of an equation, between a single metric dependent variable and a single metric independent variable.

a

Chi-square

b

Part correlation

c

Multiple regression

d

Bivariate regression

21

Which of the following situations is best addressed by regression?

a

Is there an association between market share and the size of the sales force?

b

Is there an association between market share and size of the sales force after adjusting for the effect of sales promotion?

c

Determine how much of the variation in the dependent variable (store sales) can be explained by the independent variables (price and level of advertisement).

d

Are consumers' perceptions of quality related to their perceptions of prices when the effect of brand image is controlled?

22

Which statement is not true about regression analysis?

a

The terms dependent or criterion variables, and independent or predictor variables in regression analysis do not imply that the criterion variable is dependent on the independent variables in a causal sense.

b

Regression analysis can be used to determine if color preference is related to product size and price.

c

Regression can be used to predict the values of the dependent variable.

d

Regression analysis is a powerful and flexible procedure for analyzing associative relationships between a metric dependent variable and one or more independent variables.

23

A technique for fitting a straight line to a scattergram by minimizing the square of the vertical distances of all the points from the line is known as the ________.

a

least-square procedure

b

scatter diagram plot

c

sum of square errors procedure

d

maximum residual procedure

24

The bivariate regression model that accounts for the probabilistic or stochastic nature of the relationship between X and Y is ________.

a

Ŷ = a + b1X1 + b2X2

b

Y = β0 + β1 Xi

c

Yi =β0 + β1 Xi + ei

d

Ŷ i = a + bXi

25

What is the bivariate regression equation if sample observations are used to predict Y?

a

Ŷ = a + b1X1 + b2X2

b

Y = β0 + β1 Xi

c

Yi =β0 + β1 Xi + ei

d

Ŷ i = a + bXi

26

Which statement is not true about the constant b in the bivariate regression equation Ŷ i = a + bXi?

a

It is usually referred to as the non-standardized regression coefficient.

b

It is the slope of the regression line and it indicates the expected change in Y when X is changed by one unit.

c

It is the intercept of the regression line and it indicates the value of Y when X is zero.

d

It may be computed as b=COVxy/Sx 2 .

27

Which equation depicts the relationship between the standardized and non-standardized regression coefficients?

a

Byx = byx(S2 x/S2 y)

b

B2 yx = byx(Sx/Sy)

c

Byx = byx(Sx/Sy)

d

B2 yx = byx(S2 x/S2 y)

28

The standard deviation of b, or the standard error, is denoted as ________.

a

SEb

b

SDb

c

SSYb

d

none of the above

29

In bivariate regression, which statement is true concerning the coefficient of determination, r2?

a

r2 is the square of the simple correlation coefficient obtained by correlating the two variables.

b

r2 varies between 0 and 1

c

r2 signifies the proportion of the total variation in Y accounted for by the variation in X.

d

All are correct.

30

________ is the appropriate test statistic to use to determine the significance of the coefficient of determination in bivariate regression.

a

F statistic

b

T statistic

c

Z statistic

d

ω2

31

To estimate the accuracy of predicted values, Ŷ, found in bivariate regression, it is useful to calculate the ________, the standard deviation of the actual Y values for the predicted Ŷ values.

a

coefficient of determination

b

standard error of the estimate

c

covariance

d

standard error

32

________ is a statistical technique that simultaneously develops a mathematical relationship between two or more independent variables and an interval-scaled dependent variable.

a

Chi-square

b

The least-squares procedure

c

Multiple regression

d

Bivariate regression

33

The general form of the multiple regression model is estimated by which equation?

a

Ŷ i = a + bXi

b

Ŷ i =β0 + β1 Xi + ei

c

Ŷ =a + b1 X1 + b2 X2 + b3X3 + ... + bkXk

d

Ŷ = a + b1X1 + b2X2

34

Which statistic is associated only with multiple regression and not with bivariate regression?

a

adjusted R2

b

partial F test

c

estimated or predicted value (Ŷ)

d

both A and B

35

The ________ denotes the change in the predicted value, Ŷ, per unit change in X1 when the other independent variables, X2 to Xk, are held constant.

a

partial regression coefficient

b

partial correlation coefficient

c

part correlation coefficient

d

part regression coefficient

36

Which statement is not true about partial regression coefficients?

a

The combined effects of X1 and X2 on Y are additive. In other words, if X1 and X2 are each changed by one unit, the expected change in Y would be (b1 + b2).

b

The beta coefficients are the partial regression coefficients obtained when all the variables (Y, X1, X2...Xk) have been standardized to a mean of 0 and a variance of 1 before estimating the regression equation.

c

Partial regression coefficients have an order associated with them.

d

Both A and B are not true

37

In multiple regression, if the overall null hypothesis is rejected, ________.

a

the mean value of the dependent variable will be different for different categories of the independent variable

b

the means of the independent variables are not equal

c

there is an association between the independent variables

d

one or more population partial regression coefficients have a value different from 0

38

In multiple regression, if the overall null hypothesis is rejected, which statement is true?

a

We know which specific βs are nonzero.

b

We can use t = b/SEb to determine which βs are nonzero.

c

We do not know which βs are nonzero.

d

Both B and C are correct.

39

________ is a regression procedure in which the predictor variables enter or leave the regression equation one at a time.

a

Multiple regression

b

Bivariate regression

c

Dummy variable regression

d

Stepwise regression

40

________ is a state of very high intercorrelations among independent variables.

a

Hypercollinearity

b

Partial collinearity

c

Multicollinearity

d

Variable collinearity

41

Which of the following is not a problem associated with multicollinearity?

a

The partial regression coefficients may not be estimated precisely. The standard errors are likely to be high.

b

It becomes difficult to assess the relative importance of the independent variables in explaining the variation in the dependent variables.

c

Predictor variables may be incorrectly included or removed in stepwise regression.

d

It becomes difficult to compute the correct test statistic.

42

Which statement is true about cross-validation.

a

It can be used for evaluating the model for chance variations in the data and other problems associated with regression.

b

It examines whether the regression model continues to hold on comparable data not used in the estimation.

c

A special form of validation is called double cross-validation where the sample is split into halves

d

All of the above statements are true.

43

________ variables may be used as predictors or independent variables by coding them as dummy variables.

a

Interval

b

categorical

c

ratio

d

aloe the above

44

The regression equation for a categorical variable with four categories would be modeled as ________.

a

Ŷ i = a + b1 D1 + b2 D2 + b3D3

b

Ŷ i = a + b1 D1 + b2 D2 + b3D3 + b4D4

c

d

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CHAPTER 17Online version

by Marina Mazoteras Serrano

The product moment correlation is also known as the Pearson correlation coefficient and as ________.

________ is best to use to determine how strongly sales are related to advertising expenditures.

) The ________ is a statistic summarizing the strength of association between two metric variables.

The equation for r involves dividing the ________ by ________

The equation for r is represented as ________

In the equation COVxy/ SxSy, Sx and Sy represent ________.

) r2 measures ________

r = 0 indicates ________.

Which statement about the correlation coefficient, r, is true?

Which statement is not true about correlation matrices?

The ________ is a measure of the association between two variables after controlling or adjusting for the effects of one or more additional variables.

The question of "How strongly are sales related to advertising expenditures when the effect of price is controlled?" is best answered via ________.

Which statement is not correct about the partial correlation coefficient?

The relationship between X and Y is spurious if ________

ry(x.z) represents the ________.

Which of the following is a measure of nonmetric correlation?

When considering nonmetric correlation, as a rule of thumb, ________ is to be preferred when a large number of cases fall into a relatively small number of categories (thereby leading to a large number of ties).

________ is a statistical procedure for analyzing associative relationships between a metric dependent variable and one or more independent variables.

_______ is a procedure for deriving a mathematical relationship, in the form of an equation, between a single metric dependent variable and a single metric independent variable.

Which of the following situations is best addressed by regression?

Which statement is not true about regression analysis?

A technique for fitting a straight line to a scattergram by minimizing the square of the vertical distances of all the points from the line is known as the ________.

The bivariate regression model that accounts for the probabilistic or stochastic nature of the relationship between X and Y is ________.

What is the bivariate regression equation if sample observations are used to predict Y?

Which statement is not true about the constant b in the bivariate regression equation Ŷ i = a + bXi?

Which equation depicts the relationship between the standardized and non-standardized regression coefficients?

The standard deviation of b, or the standard error, is denoted as ________.

In bivariate regression, which statement is true concerning the coefficient of determination, r2?

________ is the appropriate test statistic to use to determine the significance of the coefficient of determination in bivariate regression.

To estimate the accuracy of predicted values, Ŷ, found in bivariate regression, it is useful to calculate the ________, the standard deviation of the actual Y values for the predicted Ŷ values.

________ is a statistical technique that simultaneously develops a mathematical relationship between two or more independent variables and an interval-scaled dependent variable.

The general form of the multiple regression model is estimated by which equation?

Which statistic is associated only with multiple regression and not with bivariate regression?

The ________ denotes the change in the predicted value, Ŷ, per unit change in X1 when the other independent variables, X2 to Xk, are held constant.

Which statement is not true about partial regression coefficients?

In multiple regression, if the overall null hypothesis is rejected, ________.

In multiple regression, if the overall null hypothesis is rejected, which statement is true?

________ is a regression procedure in which the predictor variables enter or leave the regression equation one at a time.

________ is a state of very high intercorrelations among independent variables.

Which of the following is not a problem associated with multicollinearity?

Which statement is true about cross-validation.

________ variables may be used as predictors or independent variables by coding them as dummy variables.

The regression equation for a categorical variable with four categories would be modeled as ________.

The equation for r involves dividing the by