Midterm Medical Biotechnology

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Karla Azcorra

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Midterm Medical Biotechnology


Midterm Medical BiotechnologyOnline version Read carefully by Karla Azcorra 1 In bacterial transformation, what factor most influences the efficiency of the transformation? a Environment temperature b The use of antibiotics c Transfection method d Type of bacteria 2 In electroporation transfection, what happens to the cell membrane? a It is completely destroyed b It is partial destroyed c It becomes waterproof d Transient pores are created 3 It is a true statement of bacterial transformation with calcium chloride a Guarantees 100% accurate transformation b Is a cheap and easy method c It fails to insert foreign DNA d It is the least used method to transform bacteria. 4 It is the most appropriate statement about the central dogma a The transformation of proteins into DNA b Mechanisms of genetic mutation c Transfer of genetic information from DNA to proteins d Cell replication processes 5 A genetic mutation can be related to... a Changes in the base sequence b Alterations in proteins c Alterations in the complete organism d All of the above 6 The human genome contains around: a 1 million of nucleotides pairs b 100 millions of nucleotides pairs c 3,000 millions of nucleotides pairs d 500,000 of nucleotides pairs 7 There are the components of a nucleotide a Nitrogen bases b Peptides c A sugar, nitrogen base and phosphate group d Aminoacids 8 Is the sugar present in the DNA a Ribose b Desoxiribose c Glucose d Fucose 9 What is the main structural difference between purines and pyrimidines? a The number of hydrogen bonds b The electrical charge c The molecular weight d The structure in the ring 10 Microinjection techniques are especially useful for... a Big animal cells b Cell with a cellular wall, like plants c Bacterias d Virus 11 During DNA extraction, what is the main purpose of the lysis stage? a Precipitate DNA b Separate proteins from DNA c Neutralize charges d Break the nuclei and release DNA 12 What characteristic makes PCR one of the most used techniques for molecular analysis? a Work a low temperatures b Needs the use of several enzymes c It uses big amounts of DNA d Allow the amplification of specific fragments in short periods of time 13 During DNA precipitation, what role does alcohol play? a Denature proteins b Precipitate DNA c Increase temperature d Neutralize the charges 14 Is a true statement about restriction enzymes a They cut fragments of DNA in the genome in random places b They only work in bacterias c The fragments always have the same size d They recognize specific sequences of nucleotides 15 DNA denaturalization occurs when... a The temperature is extremely low b The environmental conditions are neutral c A restriction enzyme is added d The pH is too high (alkaline) 16 What condition is critical for nucleic acid hybridization? a High saline concentration to neutralize negative charges b Low saline concentrations c Absence of saline solutions d A low temperature 17 Sticky ends in DNA fragmentation occur when: a There are no cuts in the DNA b A high concentration of enzymes are used c The cut is symmetric d The cut is asymmetric 18 What is the main advantage of the CRISPR-Cas9 system compared to other genomic editing methods? a Is slower and less precise b Requieres computational resources c Only works in bacterias d Is faster and more efficient 19 The CRISPR-Cas9 system was originally adapted from: a Human genetic engineering techniques b A bacterial immune defense mechanism c Animal modifications experiments d Reproductive process in bacterias 20 The guide RNA (gRNA) molecule primarily functions to: a Cut DNA fragments b Produce enzymes c Repair genetic mutations d Locate specific DNA sequences 21 When Cas9 cuts DNA, what is the cell's first reaction? a Attempt to repair the damaged DNA b Ignore damage c Self destruct of the fragment d Cellular replication 22 The bacterial CRISPR system "remembers" viruses by: a Copying the complete DNA b Destroying the viral genetic material c Inserting viral fragments in specific patterns d Producing antibodies 23 What characterizes a transgenic animal? a An animal obtained from assisted reproduction techniques b An animal with a foreign gene inserted in their genome c An animal modified only by natural mutation d A cloned animal 24 The Cre/loxP system is mainly used for: a Duplicate genes b Create clones c Create random mutations d Eliminate specific DNA sequences 25 Why are knockout mice important for scientific research? a They allow the discovery of previously unknown gene functions b They guarantee dramatic phenotypic changes c They produce completely identical animals d They completely eliminate genetic variability 26 The pronucleus method for producing transgenics involves: a The use of steam cells only b Transform fertilized eggs c Clone organisms completely d Modify only mitochondria 27 What was the first significant step in the computational analysis of biological sequences? a The development of DNA sequencing b The determination of the structure of DNA by Watson and Crick c The Assembly of Protein Sequences by Margaret Dayhoff d The invention of PCR by Kary Mullis 28 In liposome-mediated transfection, what feature allows fusion with the cell membrane? a b The presence of specific proteins c Lipid bilayer compatibility d The size of the molecules 29 In DNA quantification, why is the 260 nm wavelength used? a It is the optimal wavelength for absorption of nucleic acids b Allows measuring protein concentration c Indicates the purity of DNA d Determines the molecular structure

Midterm Medical Biotechnology

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Midterm Medical BiotechnologyOnline version

by Karla Azcorra

In bacterial transformation, what factor most influences the efficiency of the transformation?

In electroporation transfection, what happens to the cell membrane?

It is a true statement of bacterial transformation with calcium chloride

It is the most appropriate statement about the central dogma

A genetic mutation can be related to...

The human genome contains around:

There are the components of a nucleotide

Is the sugar present in the DNA

What is the main structural difference between purines and pyrimidines?

Microinjection techniques are especially useful for...

During DNA extraction, what is the main purpose of the lysis stage?

What characteristic makes PCR one of the most used techniques for molecular analysis?

During DNA precipitation, what role does alcohol play?

Is a true statement about restriction enzymes

DNA denaturalization occurs when...

What condition is critical for nucleic acid hybridization?

Sticky ends in DNA fragmentation occur when:

What is the main advantage of the CRISPR-Cas9 system compared to other genomic editing methods?

The CRISPR-Cas9 system was originally adapted from:

The guide RNA (gRNA) molecule primarily functions to:

When Cas9 cuts DNA, what is the cell's first reaction?

The bacterial CRISPR system "remembers" viruses by:

What characterizes a transgenic animal?

The Cre/loxP system is mainly used for:

Why are knockout mice important for scientific research?

The pronucleus method for producing transgenics involves:

What was the first significant step in the computational analysis of biological sequences?

In liposome-mediated transfection, what feature allows fusion with the cell membrane?

In DNA quantification, why is the 260 nm wavelength used?