TYPES, FORM, AND VARIATION OF PRECIPITATION
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it is a product of the condensation of water vapor in the atmosphere that falls in the surface due to gravity
• It is also considered as “input” water in the surface water balance
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is an imaginary sample volume of air, assigning them in a thermodynamic or fluid process.
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is the most important climatic element in the Philippines.
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receive the greatest amount of rainfall
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receives the least amount of rain.
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can be referred as “thermal convection” and this precipitation is in a form of llocal whirling thunderstorms which usually occurred in the tropics.
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sometimes called as cyclonic precipitation
•Caused by the conflict between two air masses of different temperatures and densities
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When two air masses of different temperatures and densities clash, a front will be formed whether a cold of warm fronts
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when a cold air mass moves into an area occupied by a warmer air mass.
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bring a quick drop in temperature, gusty winds, and heavy precipitation, often in the form of thunderstorms or intense rain.
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occurs when a warm air mass advances over a retreating cold air mass.
• Weather Impact: bring gradual warming and extended periods of light rain or drizzle, often followed by warmer, more humid air
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forms when a cold front overtakes a warm front, lifting the warm air aloft.
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lead to complex weather patterns and prolonged precipitation, as seen in mid-latitude cyclones
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These fronts bring varied weather, from light rain to more intense precipitation, depending on the
temperature of the advancing air
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forms when two air masses meet but neither advances, remaining relatively still.
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These fronts lead to long-lasting periods of cloudiness and precipitation, which can result in flooding if rain persists over a region
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the rise of warm air is due to the topographic barriers like mountains as it cannot move horizontally.
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most observed, drops larger than drizzle (> 0.5 mm). if the smaller drops, in contrary to drizzle, are widely separated
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a fairly uniform precipitation composed exclusively of fine drops very close together. It somehow appears to float while following air currents, but unlike fog droplets, it falls to the ground.
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precipitation of snow crystals that are mostly branched in the form of six-pointed stars.
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can be termed as ice pellets, which is a transparent or translucent pellet of ice, which are round and irregular hard grains consists of frozen raindrops, or largely melted then refrozen snowflakes.
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precipitation in the form of small balls or other pieces of ice falling separately or frozen together in
irregular lumps. They are usually larger than 5 mm in diameter and associated with thunderstorms. Sizes 25 mm and larger indicate a severe thunderstorm.
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very small, white, and opaque grains of ice and it is basically a frozen drizzle.
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also known as snow pellets, with diameter smaller than 5 mm, and characterized as white, opaque grains of ice that are round or conical in shape.
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falling crystals in a form of needles, column, or plates. It is also called “diamond dust” due to direct formation of ice as the ice crystals appear like a fog with individual water particles and the shape of the individual ice crystals causes the light pillar optical effect above the light source.
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a thin coating of ice that forms when a supercooled liquid precipitation like freezing rain or drizzles fall into objects with temperature below or slightly above freezing
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Water falls to the ground either directly through gaps in canopy, or indirectly having dripped off leaves, stems or branches
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Rainfall that is intercepted by stems and branches and acts like a funnel that flows down the trunk into the soil in a much smaller area
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water loss while sitting on the canopy prior to indirect through fall or stemflow due to evaporation
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water gain by the turbulent mixing of air as it passes over a rough canopy which promotes rapid deposition of condensing water
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