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Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Mastery

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A 50-question challenge on fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base balance.

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Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Mastery
 

Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base MasteryOnline version

A 50-question challenge on fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base balance.

by Courtney P
1

What is the main role of potassium in the body?

2

What is hypokalemia called?

3

Which electrolyte buffer helps regulate pH in the blood?

4

Which organ mainly regulates bicarbonate balance?

5

Which condition is caused by excessive water loss without replacement?

6

What does I&O stand for in nursing?

7

Which example is considered intake?

8

Which example is considered output?

9

What term describes too much body water?

10

What is another name for hypovolemia?

11

Which electrolyte is mainly intracellular?

12

Which electrolyte is mainly extracellular?

13

What does hyponatremia mean?

14

What is hypernatremia?

15

What is the normal potassium range provided?

16

What does the term hypocalcemia mean?

17

Which condition is caused by low bicarbonate levels?

18

Which ABG change indicates respiratory acidosis?

19

What compensates for metabolic acidosis?

20

Which ion is primary determinant of extracellular osmolality?

21

Which term describes low blood pH due to acid excess?

22

What is the primary purpose of isotonic IV solutions?

23

Which condition is linked to hyponatremia risk?

24

What does ABG stand for?

25

Which term describes excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity?

26

Which electrolyte imbalance commonly causes cardiac arrhythmias?

27

Which fluid deficit term is associated with low blood pressure and oliguria?

28

Which condition involves too much water in the body?

29

What is the main role of the kidneys in acid-base balance?

30

What is metabolic alkalosis caused by?

31

Which sign is typical of severe dehydration?

32

Which statement about I&O is true?

33

What is the result of hypovolemia on the heart rate?

34

What does respiratory acidosis indicate about CO2?

35

Which electrolyte is crucial for nerve conduction and muscle contraction?

36

What tool is used to monitor fluid status clinically?

37

Which condition would need diuretics as part of management?

38

What does osmolality measure?

39

Which organ is the primary regulator of acid-base balance via ventilation?

Feedback

Potassium is key for nerve/muscle function and cardiac rhythm; see electrolyte details.

Hypokalemia = potassium below normal; affects nerves and heart.

Bicarbonate is a major buffer in acid-base balance.

Kidneys regulate bicarbonate in acid-base balance.

Dehydration occurs when fluid losses exceed intake.

I&O measures all intake vs. output over time.

Intake includes PO fluids, IV fluids, tube feeds.

Output includes urine, emesis, drainage, not intake.

FVE = hypervolemia; body retains excess water.

Hypovolemia = FVD; reduced circulating volume.

Potassium is primarily intracellular; imbalances risk arrhythmias.

Sodium is the main extracellular electrolyte.

Hyponatremia = sodium below normal.

Hypernatremia = sodium above normal; dehydration risk.

Normal K+ range given as 3.5-5 mEq/L.

Hypocalcemia = calcium below normal; affects nerves/muscles.

Low HCO3- drives metabolic acidosis.

Respiratory acidosis: CO2 retention lowers pH.

Lungs blow off CO2 to raise pH in metabolic acidosis.

Sodium largely determines extracellular osmolality.

Acidosis = blood too acidic.

Isotonic solutions expand extracellular volume.

Hyponatremia common with imbalanced fluids and dehydration risk.

ABGs evaluate acid-base status from arterial blood.

Ascites is abdominal fluid accumulation.

K+ imbalance risks arrhythmias; both low and high can cause issues.

Hypovolemia presents with low BP and reduced urine output.

Hypervolemia = fluid overload; monitor edema.

Kidneys adjust HCO3- and acid excretion to balance pH.

Metabolic alkalosis arises from acid loss or base gain.

Dry mucous membranes and poor turgor indicate dehydration.

I&O should be recorded at least every 8 hours.

Hypovolemia often causes tachycardia to maintain perfusion.

Respiratory acidosis involves CO2 retention.

Calcium is essential for contraction and nerve signaling.

Daily weights + I&O help gauge fluid shifts.

Diuretics help remove excess fluid in FVE.

Serum osmolality reflects solute concentration; dehydration ↑.

Lungs regulate CO2 in acid-base balance.

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