POWER ENGINEERING (CHAPTER 3A)

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MIDTERM EXAMINATION 231371

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Grace Balahay

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POWER ENGINEERING (CHAPTER 3A)


POWER ENGINEERING (CHAPTER 3A)Online version MIDTERM EXAMINATION 231371 by Grace Balahay 1 who built and designed the world's first vacuum pump and demonstrated a vacuum using his Madgeburg hemisphere Written answer 2 if two thermodynamic systems are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third, they also in thermal equilibrium with each other Written answer 3 the change in the internal energy of a closed thermodynamic system is equal to the sum of the amount of heat energy supplied to or removed from the system and the work done on or by the system Written answer 4 the total entropy of any isolated thermodynamic system tends to increase over time, approaching a maximum value Written answer 5 as a system asymptotically approaches absolute zero of temperature all processes virtually cease and the entropy of the system asymptotically approaches to minimum value; also stated as ''the entropy of all systems and of all states of a system is zero at absolute zero ''or equivalently'' it is impossible to reach the absolute zero of temperature by any finite number process'' Written answer 6 in connected thermodynamic systems which are in equilibrium neither for pressure nor temperature, heat flow between is caused by forces proportional with unit of pressure difference, and equal to the proportional density flow caused per unit of temperature difference Written answer 7 best engine made in terms of function Written answer 8 it was invented before the internal combustion engine Written answer 9 is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber Written answer 10 can be air, hot water, pressurized water or even liquid sodium, heated in some kind of boiler by fossil fuel, wood-burning, nuclear, solar, etc Written answer 11 manages to pack one power stroke into every two stroke into every two strokes of the piston (up-down). This achieved by exhausting and re-charging the cylinder simultaneously Written answer 12 have one power stroke for every four strokes (up-down-up-down) and employ spark ignition Written answer 13 are a variant of the four-stroke cycle Written answer 14 fifth cycle is added by Delautour is Written answer 15 captures the wasted heat from the four stroke otto cycle and creates steam, which is simultaneously cools the engine while providing a free power stroke. This removes the need for a cooling system making the engine lighter while giving 40% increased efficiency over the otto cycle Written answer 16 most truck and automotive diesel engines use a cycle reminiscent of a four-stroke cycle, but with a compression heating ignition system, rather than needing a separate ignition system. Written answer 17 diesel fuel is injected directly into the cylinder so that combustion occurs at a constant pressure, as the piston moves, rather than with the four-stroke with the piston essentially stationary Written answer 18 is a rotary machine somewhat similar in principle to a steam turbine and it consists of three main components: a compressor, a combustion chamber, and a turbine Written answer 19 employ a continuous combustion system where compression, combustion, and expansion occur simultaneously at different places in the engine- giving continuous power. Notably takes place at constant pressure Written answer 20 in some old non-compressing internal combustion engines; in the first part of the piston down stroke, a fuel-air mixture was sucked or blown in, and in the rest of the piston down stroke, the inlet valve closed and the fuel-air mixture fired. Written answer 21 impermeable to heat Written answer 22 is done by the piston compressing the working fluid Written answer 23 is done by the combustion of the fuel Written answer 24 is done by the working fluid expanding on to the piston (this produces usable torque) Written answer 25 is done by venting the air Written answer 26 is dependent on the compression ratio and cut-off ratio Written answer 27 in a diesel engine is used to draw in a new volume of charged air into the cylinder Written answer 28 begins as the inlet valve closes and the piston is driven upwards in the cylinder bore by the momentum of the crankshaft and flywheel Written answer 29 is to raise the temperature of the charge air to the point where fuel injected into the cylinder spontaneously ignites Written answer 30 takes place when the fuel from the high-pressure fuel injector spontaneously ignites in the cylinder Written answer 31 begins as the injected fuel spontaneously ignites with the air in the cylinder Written answer 32 is imparted as momentum to the flywheel which not only provides power for the end use, but also overcomes the work of compression and mechanical losses incurred in the cycle (valve opening and closing, alternator, fuel injector pump, water pump, etc) Written answer 33 is critical to the smooth and efficient operation of the engine as that of induction Written answer 34 transition between the exhaust and inlet strokes and is practical necessity for the efficient running of any internal combustion engine Written answer 35 T3 can be approximated to the ______ of the fuel used. Written answer 36 T1 can be approximated to Written answer

POWER ENGINEERING (CHAPTER 3A)

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POWER ENGINEERING (CHAPTER 3A)Online version

by Grace Balahay

who built and designed the world's first vacuum pump and demonstrated a vacuum using his Madgeburg hemisphere

if two thermodynamic systems are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third, they also in thermal equilibrium with each other

the change in the internal energy of a closed thermodynamic system is equal to the sum of the amount of heat energy supplied to or removed from the system and the work done on or by the system

the total entropy of any isolated thermodynamic system tends to increase over time, approaching a maximum value

in connected thermodynamic systems which are in equilibrium neither for pressure nor temperature, heat flow between is caused by forces proportional with unit of pressure difference, and equal to the proportional density flow caused per unit of temperature difference

best engine made in terms of function

it was invented before the internal combustion engine

is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber

can be air, hot water, pressurized water or even liquid sodium, heated in some kind of boiler by fossil fuel, wood-burning, nuclear, solar, etc

manages to pack one power stroke into every two stroke into every two strokes of the piston (up-down). This achieved by exhausting and re-charging the cylinder simultaneously

have one power stroke for every four strokes (up-down-up-down) and employ spark ignition

are a variant of the four-stroke cycle

fifth cycle is added by Delautour is

captures the wasted heat from the four stroke otto cycle and creates steam, which is simultaneously cools the engine while providing a free power stroke. This removes the need for a cooling system making the engine lighter while giving 40% increased efficiency over the otto cycle

most truck and automotive diesel engines use a cycle reminiscent of a four-stroke cycle, but with a compression heating ignition system, rather than needing a separate ignition system.

diesel fuel is injected directly into the cylinder so that combustion occurs at a constant pressure, as the piston moves, rather than with the four-stroke with the piston essentially stationary

is a rotary machine somewhat similar in principle to a steam turbine and it consists of three main components: a compressor, a combustion chamber, and a turbine

employ a continuous combustion system where compression, combustion, and expansion occur simultaneously at different places in the engine- giving continuous power. Notably takes place at constant pressure

in some old non-compressing internal combustion engines; in the first part of the piston down stroke, a fuel-air mixture was sucked or blown in, and in the rest of the piston down stroke, the inlet valve closed and the fuel-air mixture fired.

impermeable to heat

is done by the piston compressing the working fluid

is done by the combustion of the fuel

is done by the working fluid expanding on to the piston (this produces usable torque)

is done by venting the air

is dependent on the compression ratio and cut-off ratio

in a diesel engine is used to draw in a new volume of charged air into the cylinder

begins as the inlet valve closes and the piston is driven upwards in the cylinder bore by the momentum of the crankshaft and flywheel

is to raise the temperature of the charge air to the point where fuel injected into the cylinder spontaneously ignites

takes place when the fuel from the high-pressure fuel injector spontaneously ignites in the cylinder

begins as the injected fuel spontaneously ignites with the air in the cylinder

is imparted as momentum to the flywheel which not only provides power for the end use, but also overcomes the work of compression and mechanical losses incurred in the cycle (valve opening and closing, alternator, fuel injector pump, water pump, etc)

is critical to the smooth and efficient operation of the engine as that of induction

transition between the exhaust and inlet strokes and is practical necessity for the efficient running of any internal combustion engine

T3 can be approximated to the ______ of the fuel used.

T1 can be approximated to