Criminal Justice Basics

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Quiz on laws, courts, policing, and investigations.

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Bryan Soriano Mateo

United States

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Criminal Justice Basics


Criminal Justice BasicsOnline version Quiz on laws, courts, policing, and investigations. by Bryan Soriano Mateo 1 What is the primary role of a judge in court? a Decide sentencing guidelines b Preside over the jury c Investigate crimes d Interpret and apply the law 2 Which phase follows arrest and involves charges being filed? a Appeal b Pretrial motion c Arraignment d Sentencing 3 What term describes an official police stop to question a suspect? a Arrest b Search c Escort d Detention 4 Which branch prosecutes criminal cases in court? a Legislature b Judiciary c Defense d Prosecution 5 What is the purpose of an indictment? a Final verdict b Bail determination c Formal accusation of a crime d Acquittal 6 Which right protects against self-incrimination? a Right to an attorney b Right to bail c Right to a speedy trial d Right to remain silent 7 What is probable cause used for? a Settling a case b Defining a crime c Appealing a verdict d Justifying an arrest or search 8 Which body sets traffic and criminal laws nationwide in the U.S.? a Judiciary b Legislature c Executive branch d Police department 9 What is a subpoena? a A type of arrest b A police badge c An appeal document d A court order to appear or produce evidence 10 Which standard must prove guilt in a criminal trial? a Beyond a reasonable doubt b Clear and convincing c Probable cause d Preponderance of evidence 11 The primary function of a grand jury is to: a Determine the guilt or innocence of the defendant. b Decide whether there is enough evidence to issue an indictment (formal charge). c Hear appeals from lower courts. d Set the terms for probation or parole. 12 Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to counsel (an attorney) for a criminal defendant? a First Amendment b Fourth Amendment c Eighth Amendment d Sixth Amendment 13 The legal standard of proof required for a conviction in a criminal trial is: a Beyond a reasonable doubt. b Preponderance of the evidence. c Probable cause. d Clear and convincing evidence. 14 Which term describes the formal reading of criminal charges to a defendant in court, where the defendant is required to enter a plea? a Voir Dire b Habeas Corpus c Arraignment d Subpoena 15 The rule that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial is known as the: a Right to Discovery b Exclusionary Rule c Plain View Doctrine d Good Faith Exception 16 In the judicial system, what is stare decisis? a The duty of the court to inform the defendant of their rights. b The practice of a court releasing an accused person on a promise to return. c The legal principle of determining points in litigation according to precedent. d The process of jury selection. 17 Which law enforcement procedure requires officers to have probable cause? a Pat-down search for weapons (stop and frisk). b Routine traffic stop. c Making an arrest. d Issuing a verbal warning. 18 The practice where the prosecutor and the defense attorney negotiate a resolution to a case before trial is called: a Discovery b Plea Bargaining c Sentencing Reform d Mandamus 19 Which Supreme Court case established the requirement that police must inform suspects of their constitutional rights, including the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney? a Gideon v. Wainwright b Tinker v. Des Moines c Mapp v. Ohio d Miranda v. Arizona 20 A misdemeanor is generally distinguished from a felony by: a The type of weapon used in the crime. b The severity of the offense and the potential punishment (typically imprisonment for one year or less). c Whether the crime occurred on state or federal property. d The age of the victim. 21 The process used by investigators to establish a continuous, unbroken, chronological record of evidence from the moment it is seized until it is presented in court is known as: a Due Process b Chain of Custody c Search Warrant Affidavit d Crime Scene Log 22 Which court typically handles appeals from lower trial courts and reviews the legal procedures of the case, rather than the facts? a Trial Court b Supreme Court (State or Federal) c Appellate Court d Specialty Court (e.g., Drug Court) 23 The concept that a defendant cannot be tried for the same crime twice after an acquittal or conviction is known as: a Double Jeopardy b Eminent Domain c Judicial Review d Habeas Corpus 24 What is the role of a prosecutor in the criminal justice system? a To serve as a neutral referee in court proceedings. b To provide legal defense for the accused. c To represent the government and prove the defendant's guilt. d To preside over the trial and issue sentences. 25 The Fourth Amendment protects citizens primarily against: a Excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment. b Unreasonable searches and seizures. c Self-incrimination. d Violation of the right to free speech. 26 In a criminal investigation, a search warrant must be supported by: a Clear and convincing evidence. b Probable cause. c A preponderance of the evidence. d Proof beyond a reasonable doubt. 27 Which type of evidence requires a judge or jury to make an inference or draw a conclusion to connect it to the crime? a Direct evidence (e.g., eyewitness testimony) b Testimonial evidence c Circumstantial evidence (e.g., fingerprints, motive) d Physical evidence 28 The process of questioning potential jurors to determine their suitability to serve on a jury is known as: a Judicial Review b Habeas Corpus c Voir Dire d Subpoena Duces Tecum 29 Which legal concept allows a police officer to search an area without a warrant if illegal items are clearly visible? a Exigent Circumstances b Inventory Search Exception c Plain View Doctrine d Good Faith Exception 30 In the context of the judicial system, what is an indictment? a A formal charge or accusation of a serious crime, usually issued by a grand jury. b The final judgment of guilt or innocence by a jury. c The formal document filed by the defense in response to charges. d An order from an appellate court to a lower court to send up records for review. 31 The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects against: a Unreasonable searches and seizures. b Double jeopardy. c Self-incrimination. d Excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishments. 32 What is the standard for a police officer to conduct a non-intrusive stop and frisk (as established in Terry v. Ohio)? a Probable cause b Proof beyond a reasonable doubt c Reasonable suspicion d Preponderance of the evidence 33 A court order requiring a person to appear in court, often to provide testimony, is called a: a Writ of Mandamus b Warrant c Injunction d Subpoena 34 Which model of justice emphasizes efficiency and the quick suppression of crime through robust police power and minimal legal obstacles? a Due Process Model b Crime Control Model c Rehabilitation Model d Restorative Justice Model 35 The authority of a court to hear a case for the first time is known as: a Appellate jurisdiction b General jurisdiction c Limited jurisdiction d Original jurisdiction 36 In a criminal trial, who has the burden of proof? a The defense attorney b The judge c The prosecution d The defendant 37 The term for an individual who has been granted conditional release from prison after serving part of their sentence, often supervised by an officer, is: a Probationer b Parolee c Indigent d Appellant 38 Which concept in criminal law holds that a person may be excused from criminal liability if they reasonably believe they were in danger of death or great bodily harm? a Insanity Defense b Self-Defense c Entrapment d Alibi 39 What is the process called when a criminal case is reviewed by a higher court to determine if errors were made by the trial court? a Discovery b Certiorari c Appeal d Judicial Waiver 40 The Good Faith Exception to the Exclusionary Rule allows evidence to be used in court even if a search warrant was technically invalid, provided that: a The defendant did not raise an objection. b The police officers reasonably relied on the validity of the warrant. c The evidence would have inevitably been discovered. d The crime was a violent felony. Feedback 28 Voir dire (pronounced "vwah deer") is the French legal term meaning "to speak the truth," referring to the crucial process where attorneys and judges question potential jurors (and sometimes witnesses) to uncover biases and determine their suitability for a fair and impartial trial.

Criminal Justice Basics

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Criminal Justice BasicsOnline version

by Bryan Soriano Mateo

What is the primary role of a judge in court?

Which phase follows arrest and involves charges being filed?

What term describes an official police stop to question a suspect?

Which branch prosecutes criminal cases in court?

What is the purpose of an indictment?

Which right protects against self-incrimination?

What is probable cause used for?

Which body sets traffic and criminal laws nationwide in the U.S.?

What is a subpoena?

Which standard must prove guilt in a criminal trial?

The primary function of a grand jury is to:

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to counsel (an attorney) for a criminal defendant?

The legal standard of proof required for a conviction in a criminal trial is:

Which term describes the formal reading of criminal charges to a defendant in court, where the defendant is required to enter a plea?

The rule that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial is known as the:

In the judicial system, what is stare decisis?

Which law enforcement procedure requires officers to have probable cause?

The practice where the prosecutor and the defense attorney negotiate a resolution to a case before trial is called:

Which Supreme Court case established the requirement that police must inform suspects of their constitutional rights, including the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney?

A misdemeanor is generally distinguished from a felony by:

The process used by investigators to establish a continuous, unbroken, chronological record of evidence from the moment it is seized until it is presented in court is known as:

Which court typically handles appeals from lower trial courts and reviews the legal procedures of the case, rather than the facts?

The concept that a defendant cannot be tried for the same crime twice after an acquittal or conviction is known as:

What is the role of a prosecutor in the criminal justice system?

The Fourth Amendment protects citizens primarily against:

In a criminal investigation, a search warrant must be supported by:

Which type of evidence requires a judge or jury to make an inference or draw a conclusion to connect it to the crime?

The process of questioning potential jurors to determine their suitability to serve on a jury is known as:

Which legal concept allows a police officer to search an area without a warrant if illegal items are clearly visible?

In the context of the judicial system, what is an indictment?

The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects against:

What is the standard for a police officer to conduct a non-intrusive stop and frisk (as established in Terry v. Ohio)?

A court order requiring a person to appear in court, often to provide testimony, is called a:

Which model of justice emphasizes efficiency and the quick suppression of crime through robust police power and minimal legal obstacles?

The authority of a court to hear a case for the first time is known as:

In a criminal trial, who has the burden of proof?

The term for an individual who has been granted conditional release from prison after serving part of their sentence, often supervised by an officer, is:

Which concept in criminal law holds that a person may be excused from criminal liability if they reasonably believe they were in danger of death or great bodily harm?

What is the process called when a criminal case is reviewed by a higher court to determine if errors were made by the trial court?

The Good Faith Exception to the Exclusionary Rule allows evidence to be used in court even if a search warrant was technically invalid, provided that: