Usborne Encyclopedia of the Roman World - The Republic in Crisis

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Usborne Encyclopedia of the Roman World - The Republic in Crisis

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Vijo Gor

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Usborne Encyclopedia of the Roman World - The Republic in Crisis


Usborne Encyclopedia of the Roman World - The Republic in CrisisOnline version Usborne Encyclopedia of the Roman World - The Republic in Crisis by Vijo Gor 1 What caused tensions to rise between patrician senators and plebeians by the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC? a Plebeians were demanding more power in government b Patricians wanted to abolish the Senate c The army refused to fight d Rome had too many slaves 2 Why did many poor Romans lose their farms during this time? a They were too busy fighting in foreign wars b They moved to the Greek colonies c They were ordered to give them to the Senate d They sold them for gold 3 What happened to much of the farmland that soldiers left behind? a It was destroyed by invaders b It was bought up by rich landowners c It was turned into city land d It was given to freed slaves 4 What problem did this create for Rome’s army? a The army became too large and disorganized b Soldiers no longer obeyed their generals c Women were drafted into battle d Fewer people were eligible to fight because only landowners could serve 5 What reform did Tiberius Gracchus propose in 133 BC? a To expand slavery in the provinces b To ban plebeians from the army c To move the capital from Rome d To give back seized land to poor citizens 6 Why was Tiberius Gracchus killed? a He tried to make himself king b He attacked a senator c He was defeated in battle d The Senate opposed his land reform and had him murdered 7 What happened to Gaius Gracchus ten years later? a He became consul b He was also killed for trying to help the poor c He joined Pompey's army d He fled to Greece 8 What two political groups developed in the Senate after the Gracchi brothers? a Plebeians and Patricians b Liberals and Conservatives c Populares (for reform) and Boni (against change) d Etruscans and Latins 9 Who was Gaius Marius and why was he important? a A slave leader who rebelled against Rome b A tribune who helped the Gracchi brothers c A senator who supported the Boni faction d A general who reorganized the army to allow all citizens to enlist 10 What major change did Marius bring to the army? a He allowed poor citizens to join and paid them a salary b He created a navy c He made women eligible to enlist d He ended the use of slaves 11 How did Marius' army reform change Roman politics? a The Senate gained more control over the military b Soldiers became more loyal to their generals than to the state c The army stopped expanding the empire d The generals lost influence 12 What happened between Marius and Sulla in 88 BC? a They allied to stop Pompey b They both retired from politics c They fought for command of an army against the King of Pontus d They shared control of Rome 13 After losing command to Marius, what shocking action did Sulla take? a He declared peace with Pontus b He marched his army into Rome and seized power c He joined the Populares d He left for Greece in exile 14 After Sulla left for war, what did Marius do? a He returned with his own army and killed Sulla’s supporters b He fled to Egypt c He became dictator d He made peace with the Senate 15 What did Sulla do when he returned to Rome in 82 BC? a He resigned and left Rome b He became consul peacefully c He ruled as a dictator and executed his opponents d He forgave his enemies 16 How long did Sulla serve as dictator? a Until he was defeated by Marius b For life c For six months d From 82 BC to 80 BC 17 Who was Pompey the Great? a A senator who opposed reform b A slave who led a rebellion c A successful general who served under Sulla d A philosopher 18 What did Pompey achieve early in his career? a Victories in Spain and crushing the slave revolt led by Spartacus b The creation of the Twelve Tables c Reform of Roman law d The conquest of Greece 19 How did Pompey earn fame across the Mediterranean? a He became emperor b He destroyed Carthage c He defeated pirates and reorganized Roman lands in the East d He conquered Egypt 20 Why did Pompey grow frustrated after his victories? a Caesar betrayed him b He lost all his wealth c The Senate refused to recognize or support his actions d He was banned from Rome 21 Who did Pompey form an alliance with as a result of his frustration? a Cicero b Hannibal c Julius Caesar d Crassus only 22 What pattern began to appear in Roman politics during this period? a Military leaders used their armies to seize power b Wealthy citizens stopped joining the army c The Senate became more democratic d Plebeians gained full equality 23 How does the murder of reformers like the Gracchi show the Republic’s weakness? a It led to a peaceful reform process b Political problems were solved through violence, not law c It showed the Senate’s strength d It prevented wars abroad 24 What overall crisis did these events create for Rome? a A famine and drought b A military defeat by Carthage c A social and political breakdown that destroyed the Republic d A crisis of land ownership

Usborne Encyclopedia of the Roman World - The Republic in Crisis

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Usborne Encyclopedia of the Roman World - The Republic in CrisisOnline version

by Vijo Gor

What caused tensions to rise between patrician senators and plebeians by the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC?

Why did many poor Romans lose their farms during this time?

What happened to much of the farmland that soldiers left behind?

What problem did this create for Rome’s army?

What reform did Tiberius Gracchus propose in 133 BC?

Why was Tiberius Gracchus killed?

What happened to Gaius Gracchus ten years later?

What two political groups developed in the Senate after the Gracchi brothers?

Who was Gaius Marius and why was he important?

What major change did Marius bring to the army?

How did Marius' army reform change Roman politics?

What happened between Marius and Sulla in 88 BC?

After losing command to Marius, what shocking action did Sulla take?

After Sulla left for war, what did Marius do?

What did Sulla do when he returned to Rome in 82 BC?

How long did Sulla serve as dictator?

Who was Pompey the Great?

What did Pompey achieve early in his career?

How did Pompey earn fame across the Mediterranean?

Why did Pompey grow frustrated after his victories?

Who did Pompey form an alliance with as a result of his frustration?

What pattern began to appear in Roman politics during this period?

How does the murder of reformers like the Gracchi show the Republic’s weakness?

What overall crisis did these events create for Rome?