Usborne Encyclopedia of the Roman World - The Birth of the Empire

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Usborne Encyclopedia of the Roman World - The Birth of the Empire

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Vijo Gor

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Usborne Encyclopedia of the Roman World - The Birth of the Empire


Usborne Encyclopedia of the Roman World - The Birth of the EmpireOnline version Usborne Encyclopedia of the Roman World - The Birth of the Empire by Vijo Gor 1 Who seemed likely to take power after Julius Caesar was murdered in 44 BC? a Cassius b Brutus c Octavian d Mark Antony 2 Who was Julius Caesar’s adopted son and heir? a Pompey b Crassus c Octavian d Antony 3 How old was Octavian when Caesar was killed? a 14 b 25 c 30 d 18 4 Why did many people doubt Octavian at first? a He had been exiled b He supported the Senate c He was from Egypt d He had no army experience and was very young 5 What happened when Octavian arrived in Rome after Caesar's death? a He was rejected by everyone b He was crowned emperor immediately c He was imprisoned d He was welcomed by many of Caesar’s supporters 6 What caused the power struggle between Antony and Octavian? a They disagreed over religion b They both wanted to control Caesar’s army and legacy c Antony invaded Greece d They wanted to free the slaves 7 What did Antony do to build political unity between them? a He adopted Octavian b He crowned Octavian as emperor c He married Octavian's sister Octavia d He moved to Spain 8 How did they divide the Roman world? a Antony took the East, Octavian took the West b Octavian took Egypt, Antony took Italy c Antony ruled Gaul, Octavian ruled Africa d They ruled alternate months 9 Why did Antony’s alliance with Octavian collapse? a He married Cleopatra and moved to Egypt b He lost his army c Octavian refused to fund his wars d He became too old to fight 10 Who was Cleopatra? a Octavian’s sister b A Roman Senator c Queen of Egypt and Antony’s lover d Queen of Greece 11 Why did the Senate grow suspicious of Antony? a He wanted peace with Octavian b He was living like a king in Egypt with Cleopatra c He disbanded the army d He supported plebeian reforms 12 Where did Antony and Cleopatra’s fleet meet Octavian’s forces in 31 BC? a Actium b The Tiber River c Athens d Carthage 13 What was the outcome of the Battle of Actium? a Octavian’s navy destroyed Antony and Cleopatra’s fleet b Cleopatra surrendered and ruled alone c Antony captured Rome d Both sides agreed to peace 14 What did Antony and Cleopatra do after their defeat? a Fled back to Egypt and committed suicide b Were captured and imprisoned c Escaped to Greece d Surrendered to the Senate 15 After the Battle of Actium, what did Octavian control? a Just the army b Spain and Gaul only c Egypt and all Roman lands d Only Italy 16 When Octavian offered to hand power back to the Senate in 27 BC, what was true? a He wanted to retire b It was symbolic — everyone knew he still controlled Rome through the army c He was forced to surrender d He genuinely gave up power 17 What word comes from the Roman title imperator? a Imperialism b Empire c Imperium d Emperor 18 How long did Augustus rule? a Until his exile b One year as dictator c Only 5 years d More than 40 years 19 What happened after Augustus’s death in AD 14? a Rome accepted emperors as normal and the Republic was gone forever b The Republic was restored c A civil war started again d Egypt took over Rome 20 What do you think the Latin word impera (from imperator) means? a To build or create b To serve or obey c To rule or command d To travel or explore 21 Which English words come from the root impera? a Empty, emerge, and embolism b Empire, imperialism, and imperative c Empathy, important, and impossible d Improve, impact, and implement 22 What was an imperator — the word that later became emperor — in reality? a A merchant who funded wars b A wise philosopher chosen by the Senate c A priest of Jupiter d A military dictator who ruled Rome through control of the army 23 In Star Wars, Palpatine turns a republic into an empire to “restore order.” How is this similar to what Augustus did? a Both ruled for a short time before returning power to the Senate and stepping down peacefully b Both used chaos and fear of war to justify absolute power, promising peace while ending republican rule c Both claimed to rebuild democracy through strong leadership, but actually concentrated power in themselves d Both gave up control of their armies once the state became stable and peace was achieved 24 Augustus promised that his rule would bring a time called the Pax Romana, or “Roman Peace.” What do you think this meant? a A long period when wars inside the empire stopped and stability returned under one ruler b A temporary peace treaty signed with Egypt to end civil war and restore trade c The complete end of Roman expansion and conquest across all provinces d A new form of democracy where citizens voted directly for leaders and laws 25 What pattern can we see from Julius Caesar and Augustus to Napoleon and Hitler in later history? a During crises, ruling classes often support a dictator to restore "order" and protect their own power b Most empires have expanded peacefully through democratic reforms and citizen assemblies c Throughout history, dictators usually rise from poverty and rule with total equality and justice d Revolutions and uprisings usually strengthen parliaments and prevent authoritarian control 26 What does “order” usually mean when dictators like Palpatine—or real ones like Augustus and Hitler —use it to justify their rule? a Control and obedience that protect the powerful, not justice or freedom b A system of complete equality, shared leadership, and political harmony among all citizens c A peaceful balance of Senate debates and public elections maintained through shared decision-making d Temporary military leadership that fully restores democracy and limits the ruler’s power afterward

Usborne Encyclopedia of the Roman World - The Birth of the Empire

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Usborne Encyclopedia of the Roman World - The Birth of the EmpireOnline version

by Vijo Gor

Who seemed likely to take power after Julius Caesar was murdered in 44 BC?

Who was Julius Caesar’s adopted son and heir?

How old was Octavian when Caesar was killed?

Why did many people doubt Octavian at first?

What happened when Octavian arrived in Rome after Caesar's death?

What caused the power struggle between Antony and Octavian?

What did Antony do to build political unity between them?

How did they divide the Roman world?

Why did Antony’s alliance with Octavian collapse?

Who was Cleopatra?

Why did the Senate grow suspicious of Antony?

Where did Antony and Cleopatra’s fleet meet Octavian’s forces in 31 BC?

What was the outcome of the Battle of Actium?

What did Antony and Cleopatra do after their defeat?

After the Battle of Actium, what did Octavian control?

When Octavian offered to hand power back to the Senate in 27 BC, what was true?

What word comes from the Roman title imperator?

How long did Augustus rule?

What happened after Augustus’s death in AD 14?

What do you think the Latin word impera (from imperator) means?

Which English words come from the root impera?

What was an imperator — the word that later became emperor — in reality?

In Star Wars, Palpatine turns a republic into an empire to “restore order.” How is this similar to what Augustus did?

Augustus promised that his rule would bring a time called the Pax Romana, or “Roman Peace.” What do you think this meant?

What pattern can we see from Julius Caesar and Augustus to Napoleon and Hitler in later history?

What does “order” usually mean when dictators like Palpatine—or real ones like Augustus and Hitler —use it to justify their rule?