1
is a simple open vehicle, with two very large driving wheels on an axle below and slightly behind a single seat (the seat and steering wheel consequently are in the center), and the engine in front of the driver, with two steerable wheels below the engine compartment.
2
the word tractor was taken form Latin, being the agent noun of _____ meaning to pull.
3
is a small steam engine, mounted on wheels or skids, which is used for
driving machinery using a belt from its flywheel. It is not self-propelled and is towed to the work
site by horses or bullocks, or even a traction engine.
4
is a self-propelled steam engine used to move heavy loads on roads,
plough ground or to provide power at a chosen location.
5
A distinct form of traction engine is characterized by the provision of a large diameter winding drum driven by separate gearing from the steam engine (Figure 86). Onto the drum a
long length of wire rope was wound, which was used to haul an implement, such as a plough,
across a field.
6
usually refers to a type of agricultural tractor powered by a steam engine, used extensively in the late 1800s and early 1900s
7
Designed for haulage of heavy loads on public highways, it was not uncommon for two or even three to be coupled together to allow heavier loads to be handled
8
A particularly distinctive form of road locomotive was the
9
Another distinct form of the steam traction engine is the _______ which is used for road building and flattening ground (Figure 89). Typically designed with a single heavy roller replacing the front wheels and axle, and smooth rear wheels without strakes.
10
was developed to meet industrial requirements, does not differ greatly from the standard except for generally generally being smaller and having more accessories such as three-point hitches.
11
in addition to being suitable for traction work, are especially adapted
for use on row crops, incorporating easy provision for quick attachment of various tillage and
cultivation tools as well as implements for such tasks as mowing and handling forages
12
has been further developed by foreign manufacturers, especially the German and the Soviet As the name implies this tractor is an attempt to make one
power unit perform a number of tasks. A prime consideration is given to the ease with which
various tools can be attached and to the versatility of the unit
13
is an attempt to extend even further than the "tool
carrier frame" the use of the power unit The design is such as to permit reasonably abl rapid exchange of complete machines such as a combine, a corn picker, or a baler.
14
is measured at several different power levels and speeds, but for
comparison purposes between tractors, the data most farmers are interested in is maximum power
at rated engine speed.
15
is listed, but is not a measure of efficiency. Instead, look at specific fuel consumption as a measure of power for a given amount of
fuel. It's measured in horsepower-hours per gallon of fuel, expressed as hp-hr/gal (or kW-h/1).
16
The most important measurement for farmers here is the force available, an indication of lifting power (note that lifting power is not the same as the maximum load that can be carried safely)
17
is defined as the ratio of the delivered drawbar power of a
tractor to the vehicle input power of the tractor. It represents the percentage of power produced by
the engine that is available as tractive power delivered through the drawbar
18
defined as the ratio of output power to input power of a traction
device PDE includes TE and the efficiencies of the entire vehicle drive train from the engine to the drawbar
19
is an instrument for determining tractor power, usually by the independent
measurement of force, time, and the distance through which the force is moved
20
is one which
usually
measures the power applied and at the same time convert it to some other form of energy, usually heat. The break is essentially an arrangement whereby wooden blocks are clamped more or less tightly around the engine pulley by means of the hand wheel.
21
is not entirely suitable for horsepower versus speed determination of
engine
an internal combustion engine since the torque versus speed curves of the brake and are approximately the same. Therefore, speed control is poor. But when carefully used, the Prony brake can be expected to measure power with an error oof about 1%.
22
also operates on the principle of converting work into heat. The working medium, usually water, is circulated within the housing and because of friction comes out at a higher temperature than when it entered.
23
are useful only in loading engines for run-in purposes and for rough testing at relatively high speeds.
24
consists essentially of a rotor operating in connection with a stator The rotor is a solid casting with tampered teeth projecting in the farm of poles.
25
A unit for measuring the power transmitted
electric
to a belt or shaft-driven machine is readily made by mounting an engine as motor in a cradle This is done by mounting the power unit on bearings, preferably with the axis of rotation coinciding with the center line of the crankshaft or motor shaft.
26
the power is measured by measuring the electrical output of the generator
27
is a shunt-wound generator of separate field excitation. The field frame is free to rotate and, since any effort to turn the armature causes the field to revolve, the resultant torque will cause a force to be registered on the scale.
28
This type of dynamometer is used primarily as an indicator of the condition of the engine. It is also used in the process of adjusting or tuning an engine and to indicate to customers the improvement in a tractor engine.
29
It is commonly employed to determine the drawbar pull of power units or to ascertain
the draft of field implements.
30
It is suitable for rough measurements of forces due to rapid
variations in loads, such as are commonly found in agricultural implements.
31
This is designed to give direct readings of the implement draft when coupled between a power source and an implement. A sealed bellows
unit or hydraulic cylinder maybe used to transmit pressure to the Bourdon gage and
gauge maybe calibrated to read directly in kg.
32
One method of measuring the drawbar pull is by means of a proving ring which used SR-4 strain gage to sense the strain in the ring.
33
It measures power as transmitted by rotating shafts
34
The development of the electrical resistance strain gage
has made practical the measurement of torque and force on farm tractors and machines
Many torque meters employing strain gages have been developed.
35
One method of avoiding some difficulties of outdoor testing such
as weather.
36
has been defined as the percentage of power produced by
the engine that is available as tractive power delivered to an implement
37
is caused by both velocity losses and pull losses.
38
the loss in travel speed
39
the most common tractor form in the country side. They were used for hauling and as a stationary power source.
40
Favorable soil conditions meant that US traction engines usually pulled their ploughs behind them, thereby elimination the complexities of providing a cable drum and extra gearing, hence simplifying maintenance.
41
road locomotives are referred to as
42
is defined by pull and travel speed
43
tools available in the form of ______ to help farmers get unbiased performance information on tractors before making a purchase
44
summarizes the results into a convenient booklet form
46
is essentially an arrangement whereby wooden blocks are clamped more or less tightly around the engine pulley by means of the hand wheel.
47
the field frame is mounted on suitable weighing scales
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Test your knowledge about the 5 seeing habits discussed in the text 'UPS 5 seeing habits'.