GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY

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LESSON 3.3

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Grace Balahay

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GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY


GROUND WATER HYDROLOGYOnline version LESSON 3.3 by Grace Balahay 1 Groundwater supplies more than _____ of the potable water supply and _____ of the piped water supply in the Philippines. Written answer 2 In arid regions, groundwater is often the only reliable source of water for ______ Written answer 3 Water bearing geologic formation capable of transmitting water through its pores at a rate sufficient for economic extraction by wells Written answer 4 Rather impervious nature, which transmits water at a slow rate compared to an aquifer Written answer 5 Can absorb water but cannot transmit significant amounts Written answer 6 No interconnected pores; neither absorb nor transmit water Written answer 7 is a measure of the water-bearing capacity of the formation Written answer 8 refers to the volume of water, expressed as a percentage of the total volume of the saturated aquifer, that will drain by gravity when the water table (Ground Water Table (GWT) drops due to pumping or drainage Written answer 9 percentage volume of water, which will not drain by gravity Written answer 10 known as artesian aquifer; where a porous formation underneath is sandwiched between two impervious strata (aquicludes) and is recharged by a natural source at a higher elevation so that the water is under pressure in the aquifer Written answer 11 level where water rises from artesian aquifer in the well to its initial level at the recharge source. Written answer 12 known as the water table aquifer; where there is homogeneous porous formation extending from the ground surface up to an impervious bed underneath and rainwater percolating down in the soil saturates the formation and builds up the GWT. Written answer 13 a well drilled into this aquifer Written answer 14 volume of water given out by a unit prism of aquifer (i.e., a column of aquifer standing on a unit horizontal area) when the piezometric surface (confined aquifers) or the water table (unconfined aquifers) drops by unit depth; Written answer 15 Flow of ground water except through coarse gravels and rockfills is laminar and the velocity of flow is given by _______ (1856), which states that ‘the velocity of flow in a porous medium is proportional to the hydraulic gradient Written answer 16 flow capacity of an aquifer per unit width under unit hydraulic gradient and is equal to the product of permeability times the saturated thickness of the aquifer. Written answer 17 T = Kb and is independent of the piezometric surface. Written answer 18 T = KH, where H is the saturated thickness. As the water table drops, H decreases, and the transmissibility is reduced. Written answer 19 Form the most important mode of groundwater extraction from an aquifer. Written answer 20 If the aquifer is homogeneous and isotropic and the water table horizontal initially, due to the radial flow into the well through the aquifer, the water table assumes a conical shape called Written answer 21 drop in the water table elevation at any point from its previous static level. Written answer 22 area extent of the cone of depression Written answer 23 the phase at constant rate of pumping where the drawdown curve develops gradually with time due to the withdrawal of water from storage as the water table elevation at a given location near the well changes with time. Written answer 24 The drawdown surface attains a constant position with respect to time when the well is known to operate under Written answer 25 As soon as the pumping is stopped, the depleted storage in the cone of depression is made good by groundwater inflow into the zone influence. There is a gradual accumulation of storage until the original (static) level is reached. Written answer 26 depends upon the aquifer characteristics. Written answer 27 It is the discharge per unit drawdown in the well and is usually expressed in lpm/m • It is a measure of the effectiveness of the well; • it decreases with the increase in the pumping rate (Q) and prolonged pumping (time, t). Written answer 28 Important phase of the hydrological cycle Written answer 29 Most of the flow of ______ originate from subsurface water Written answer 30 while a large part of ________ may percolate beneath the surface. Written answer 31 Occurrence and movement of subsurface water are intimately related to Written answer 32 Irregular surface - Locus of points (in unconfined material) where hydrostatic pressure equals atmospheric pressure Written answer

GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY

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GROUND WATER HYDROLOGYOnline version

by Grace Balahay

Groundwater supplies more than _____ of the potable water supply and _____ of the piped water supply in the Philippines.

In arid regions, groundwater is often the only reliable source of water for ______

Water bearing geologic formation capable of transmitting water through its pores at a rate sufficient for economic extraction by wells

Rather impervious nature, which transmits water at a slow rate compared to an aquifer

Can absorb water but cannot transmit significant amounts

No interconnected pores; neither absorb nor transmit water

is a measure of the water-bearing capacity of the formation

refers to the volume of water, expressed as a percentage of the total volume of the saturated aquifer, that will drain by gravity when the water table (Ground Water Table (GWT) drops due to pumping or drainage

percentage volume of water, which will not drain by gravity

known as artesian aquifer; where a porous formation underneath is sandwiched between two impervious strata (aquicludes) and is recharged by a natural source at a higher elevation so that the water is under pressure in the aquifer

level where water rises from artesian aquifer in the well to its initial level at the recharge source.

known as the water table aquifer; where there is homogeneous porous formation extending from the ground surface up to an impervious bed underneath and rainwater percolating down in the soil saturates the formation and builds up the GWT.

a well drilled into this aquifer

volume of water given out by a unit prism of aquifer (i.e., a column of aquifer standing on a unit horizontal area) when the piezometric surface (confined aquifers) or the water table (unconfined aquifers) drops by unit depth;

Flow of ground water except through coarse gravels and rockfills is laminar and the velocity of flow is given by _______ (1856), which states that ‘the velocity of flow in a porous medium is proportional to the hydraulic gradient

flow capacity of an aquifer per unit width under unit hydraulic gradient and is equal to the product of permeability times the saturated thickness of the aquifer.

T = Kb and is independent of the piezometric surface.

T = KH, where H is the saturated thickness. As the water table drops, H decreases, and the transmissibility is reduced.

Form the most important mode of groundwater extraction from an aquifer.

If the aquifer is homogeneous and isotropic and the water table horizontal initially, due to the radial flow into the well through the aquifer, the water table assumes a conical shape called

drop in the water table elevation at any point from its previous static level.

area extent of the cone of depression

the phase at constant rate of pumping where the drawdown curve develops gradually with time due to the withdrawal of water from storage as the water table elevation at a given location near the well changes with time.

The drawdown surface attains a constant position with respect to time when the well is known to operate under

As soon as the pumping is stopped, the depleted storage in the cone of depression is made good by groundwater inflow into the zone influence. There is a gradual accumulation of storage until the original (static) level is reached.

depends upon the aquifer characteristics.

It is the discharge per unit drawdown in the well and is usually expressed in lpm/m • It is a measure of the effectiveness of the well; • it decreases with the increase in the pumping rate (Q) and prolonged pumping (time, t).

Important phase of the hydrological cycle

Most of the flow of ______ originate from subsurface water

while a large part of ________ may percolate beneath the surface.

Occurrence and movement of subsurface water are intimately related to

Irregular surface - Locus of points (in unconfined material) where hydrostatic pressure equals atmospheric pressure

Groundwater supplies more than _ of the potable water supply and _ of the piped water supply in the Philippines.