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PG Induction MCQ Series

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PG Induction MCQ Series

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automated mcqs

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JR1 PG
JR1 PG
India

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PG Induction MCQ Series
 

PG Induction MCQ SeriesOnline version

automated mcqs

by JR1 PG
1

A commonly used QC strain for MALDI-TOF is

2

MALDI-TOF is mainly used for..

3

MALDI-TOF gives results in

4

Sample required for MALDI-TOF is usually Pure colony from culture plate

5

The ‘laser’ in MALDI-TOF helps in

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The GN card in VITEK2 is meant for

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AST cards in VITEK2 are used to determine

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The number of wells vitek2 cards varies but typically contains

9

YST card in VITEK2 is used to identify

10

VITEK2 is done for

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QC Strain (E. coli ATCC 8739): Quality Control is vital for protein profiling. E. coli is used because it has a very stable, well-defined protein peak pattern (ribosomal proteins) that the machine uses to calibrate its laser and sensors before running patient samples.

Main Use (Bacterial Identification): While MALDI-TOF can technically be used for research on DNA or polymers, its clinical "bread and butter" is identifying bacteria and fungi by comparing their protein "fingerprint" to a massive database.

Speed (5–10 Minutes): This is the "magic" of MALDI. Unlike biochemical tests that need 18–24 hours of incubation, MALDI-TOF takes a few minutes once you have a pure colony.

Sample (Pure Colony): The machine analyzes the mass-to-charge ratio of proteins. If you mix two different bacteria from a mixed culture, the "fingerprints" overlap, and the machine will give an "Unidentified" or "No reliable identification" result.

The Laser (Ionization): The laser hits the sample (mixed with a matrix). This "blasts" the bacterial proteins into a gas phase and gives them an electrical charge (ionizes them) so they can travel through the flight tube to the detector.

GN Card (Gram-Negative): VITEK uses specialized cards containing dehydrated biochemical substrates. The GN Card is specifically designed for Gram-negative fermenting and non-fermenting bacilli (like E. coli or Pseudomonas).

AST Cards (MIC): Unlike the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method (which gives a zone of inhibition in mm), VITEK 2 AST cards determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) by monitoring the growth of the bacteria in the presence of varying concentrations of antibiotics within the card's micro-wells.

Micro-wells (64 wells): A standard VITEK 2 card is roughly the size of a playing card and contains 64 wells. These wells hold the different biochemicals (for ID cards) or different antibiotics/concentrations (for AST cards).

YST Card (Yeast): The YST card is tailored for the identification of yeasts and yeast-like organisms (e.g., Candida species, Cryptococcus). It would not be used for filamentous fungi (molds), as their growth patterns don't suit the fluidics of the VITEK card.

Bacterial ID & AST: The VITEK 2 is a dual-purpose workhorse. You can run an ID card (to find out what the bacteria is) and an AST card (to find out which drug kills it) simultaneously.

 
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