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Neurons and Resting Membrane Potentials

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Neurons and Resting Membrane Potentials

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About this activity

Electrical signals in neurons

Created by

Anotida
Anotida
New Zealand

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Neurons and Resting Membrane Potentials
 

Neurons and Resting Membrane PotentialsOnline version

Electrical signals in neurons

by Anotida
1

What term describes the stored energy difference across a neuron's membrane?

2

What is the typical resting membrane potential (RMP) of a neuron?

3

Which ions are mainly involved in maintaining the resting potential?

4

Which pump actively maintains the Na+/K+ imbalance?

5

How many Na+ ions are moved out for each cycle of the Na+/K+ pump?

6

What type of channels are open all the time in a resting neuron?

7

What happens to the resting potential when K+ leaks out?

8

What is depolarization?

9

What channels open during stimulus-driven depolarization?

10

What happens when stimulus-gated Na+ channels open?

11

What is the term for when the membrane potential moves toward zero?

12

What occurs during inhibition in terms of ions?

13

What is polarization of a membrane?

14

Why is chloride largely restricted from crossing the neuron membrane?

15

Which ions can move efficiently across the neuron membrane?

16

What describes a gated channel?

17

Where are stimulus-gated channels commonly located in neurons?

18

What is the overall effect of opening stimulus-gated Na+ channels?

19

What describes the

20

What is the primary purpose of the membrane potential in neurons?

21

What is another common name for an action potential?

22

Where does an action potential travel in a neuron?

23

Which ion channel primarily causes depolarization by allowing Na+ to enter?

24

What is the typical trigger for voltage-gated Na+ channels during an action potential?

25

What effect do Na+ channels have on membrane potential when they open?

26

What role do K+ channels play during an action potential?

27

How are voltage-gated K+ channels characterized in response timing?

28

What stimulates the rapid response of Na+ channels besides a stimulus?

29

During an action potential, what happens to membrane potential during depolarization?

30

What characterizes the overall sequence of ion movement during a typical action potential?

31

What opens when an adequate stimulus is applied to a neuron?

32

What is the threshold potential range that triggers voltage-gated Na+ channels?

33

Which event marks the peak of the action potential?

34

How long do voltage-gated Na+ channels stay open during an action potential?

35

Which channels open to initiate repolarization after the peak?

36

Why does hyperpolarization occur after the action potential?

37

What happens if the local depolarization does not reach threshold?

38

What is the term for the self-amplifying process that creates the action potential once threshold is crossed?

39

What restores the resting potential after an action potential?

40

What primarily causes the membrane to depolarize at the start of the action potential?

Feedback

A membrane potential is the electrical difference maintained across the membrane.

RMP is usually around -70 mV, negative inside.

Na+ and K+ gradients are key; Cl- is largely blocked from crossing.

The Na+/K+ pump moves 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ in.

The pump exports 3 Na+ for every 2 K+ into the cell.

Leak channels are always open, contributing to RMP.

K+ efflux tends to make inside more negative.

Depolarization means the inside becomes less negative.

Ligand/ stimulus opens Na+ channels to enter the cell.

Na+ influx reduces the membrane potential difference.

Depolarization reduces the magnitude of the membrane potential.

Opening K+ channels increases positive outside, more negative inside.

Polarized membranes have a voltage difference across them.

Intracellular anions like proteins repel Cl−, trapping Cl− outside.

Na+ and K+ are the primary permeant ions in neurons.

Gated channels open or close in response to stimuli.

These zones receive and integrate signals.

Na+ entry reduces the membrane potential difference.

Sign indicates whether inside is negative or positive.

Membrane potential drives nerve impulses along axons.

An action potential is also called a nerve impulse.

It propagates as an electrical fluctuation along the membrane surface.

Sodium channels opening leads to Na+ influx and membrane depolarization.

Threshold depolarization activates voltage-gated Na+ channels.

Opening Na+ channels makes the inside of the cell more positive.

K+ efflux makes the cell more negative, helping repolarization.

Voltage-gated K+ channels typically contribute a slower repolarization phase.

Neurotransmitters can rapidly trigger Na+ channel opening.

Depolarization is the rise toward a more positive potential, reaching threshold.

Na+ entry depolarizes; K+ exit repolarizes the membrane.

Stimulus-gated Na+ channels open first to allow Na+ influx and depolarization.

Threshold is typically around -50 to -60 mV, triggering Na+ channel opening.

Peak occurs when Na+ influx drives membrane potential to about +30 mV.

Na+ channels remain open briefly, around 1 ms, creating the all-or-none spike.

K+ channels open after Na+ influx, allowing outward diffusion to repolarize.

Excessive K+ efflux during repolarization can overshoot, causing after-hyperpolarization.

Without reaching threshold, voltage-gated Na+ channels don’t open and AP isn’t produced.

Inflowing Na+ depolarizes further, opening more Na+ channels in a positive feedback loop.

Na+/K+ pump helps restore gradients and channels return to resting state.

Opening stimulus-gated Na+ channels allows Na+ influx, causing depolarization.

 
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