Cardiac Infections & Diseases Quiz

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Cardiac infections and conditions

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Mawahib Ali

Canada

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Cardiac Infections & Diseases Quiz


Cardiac Infections & Diseases QuizOnline version Cardiac infections and conditions by Mawahib Ali 1 What is infective endocarditis? a An infection of the heart valves or endocardial surface b Inflammation of the pericardium only c A congenital heart defect from birth d A viral disease of the myocardium 2 Which organisms most commonly cause infective endocarditis? a Candida, Aspergillus, and CMV b Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Nocardia, and Legionella c Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria, and Bacillus d Staphylococcus aureus, oral Streptococcus, and Enterococci 3 A risk factor for infective endocarditis includes? a Exercise-induced tachycardia b Previous endocarditis or prosthetic valves c Hyperlipidemia without valve disease d Recent smoking only 4 Common clinical signs of infective endocarditis are? a Abdominal pain and hemorrhoids b Chronic cough and wheeze c Fever, new heart murmur, and splinter hemorrhages d Jaundice and pruritus 5 What diagnostic tests are important for suspected infective endocarditis? a Liver function tests and urinalysis b Serial blood cultures and echocardiography c Only chest X-ray d Skin biopsy and EEG 6 Which complication can arise from infective endocarditis? a Pulmonary embolism only b Cerebral palsy c Renal calculi d Valvular incompetence and heart failure 7 What is myocarditis? a Inflammation of the pericardium only b Inflammation of the myocardium with possible necrosis c Inflammation of the valves only d Blockage of coronary arteries by plaque 8 What is a gold standard test for myocarditis? a Chest X-ray only b Serum cholesterol test c Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) d ECG alone 9 What triggers rheumatic fever leading to rheumatic heart disease? a Allergic reaction to penicillin b Viral myocarditis from influenza c Bacterial endocarditis from staph d Untreated Group A Streptococcal infection 10 What is the purpose of prophylactic antibiotics in rheumatic heart disease? a To treat chronic heart failure b To sterilize the bloodstream permanently c To cure active rheumatic fever d To prevent recurrence before dental procedures and other procedures 11 What is infective endocarditis primarily? a Valve degenerative disease without infection b Arterial blockage in coronary arteries c Infection of heart valves/endocardium d Inflammation of pericardium 12 What are vegetations in IE made of? a Fibrin, platelets, and bacteria b Collagen and elastin c Lipids and cholesterol d Red blood cells and plasma 13 Which manifestations are classically seen in acute IE? a Septic emboli causing organ damage b Isolated fever without other signs c Weight loss and night sweats only d Chronic cough and wheeze 14 Rheumatic heart disease results from what immune mechanism? a Direct bacterial invasion of valves b Molecular mimicry after strep infection c Autoimmune attack from dengue d Allergic reaction to antibiotics 15 What is a key difference between ASD and VSD? a ASD involves atria; VSD involves ventricles b ASD is a valve disease; VSD is a conduit problem c Both affect ventricles only d ASD causes regurgitation; VSD causes stenosis 16 What is the main consequence of MI? a Increased oxygen supply to heart muscle b Necrosis from reduced oxygen due to artery blockage c Excessive scar formation without necrosis d Decreased heart rate only 17 AFIB is characterized by what primary rhythm finding? a Regular, slow rhythm b Chaotic atrial activity with irregularly irregular pulse c Sustained normal sinus rhythm d No pulse change 18 Which therapy is primarily used to prevent stroke in AFIB? a Anticoagulation b Vasodilators c Antiplatelet therapy only d Antibiotics 19 Heart failure signs mostly reflect what? a Only systemic hypertension without edema b Inadequate cardiac output and fluid buildup c Excessive perfusion and reduced venous return d Overactive lungs with no edema 20 What is the goal of nitrates in angina management? a Induce platelet aggregation b Vasodilation reducing preload and workload c Increase contractility d Narrow coronary arteries 21 IE stands for what in the cardiovascular system? a Inflammation of pericardium b Infection of myocardium c Inflammation of arteries d Infection of heart valves/endocardium 22 Acute IE commonly causes septic emboli leading to what? a Kidney stones b Pleural effusion c Liver failure d Organ damage 23 New heart murmur is a hallmark of which condition? a Tachycardia b Pericarditis c Infective endocarditis d Atrial fibrillation 24 Key idea behind Rheumatic Heart Disease is what immune mechanism? a Autoantibody exhaustion b Hypercoagulability c Direct bacterial invasion d Molecular mimicry driving immune attack 25 ASD vs VSD: which defects involve the atria/ventricles respectively? a Mitral valve involvement only b Both in atria c Both in ventricles d ASD = atria; VSD = ventricles 26 MI is most often caused by what combo? a Aortic dissection b Viral infection alone c Plaque rupture and clot formation d Hemorrhage into myocardium 27 AFIB carries high stroke risk due to what mechanism? a Excessive cardiac output b Clot formation from irregular atrial contraction c Increased venous return d Sudden valve rupture 28 Nitrates in angina primarily cause what cardiovascular change? a Vasodilation decreasing preload b Direct anticoagulation c Increased heart rate d Vasoconstriction 29 Stable angina vs MI: what signals myocardial necrosis? a Tachycardia without pain b Transient angina without symptoms c MI due to plaque rupture and clot d Benign ECG changes only 30 Which drug class is used to stabilize AFIB rhythm? a Antacids b Beta agonists c Antiarrhythmics (class I-IV) d Diuretics 31 What is the congenital defect with a hole in the ventricular septum called? a Ventricular septal defect (VSD) b Atrial septal defect (ASD) c Patent ductus arteriosus d Tetralogy of Fallot 32 A common noninvasive test that helps detect septal defects is which imaging modality? a Cardiac MRI b Electrocardiography c Echocardiography d Chest X-ray 33 Myocarditis is inflammation of which heart tissue? a Endocardium b Myocardium c Epicardium d Pericardium 34 Which organism is a classic cause of infective endocarditis? a Staphylococcus aureus b Candida albicans c Escherichia coli d Streptococcus pneumoniae 35 Rheumatic Heart Disease commonly follows infection with which bacteria group? a Staphylococcus aureus b Mycobacterium tuberculosis c Streptococcus pneumoniae d Group A Streptococcus 36 Atrial fibrillation is characterized by irregularly irregular rhythm and loss of which atrial activity? a Organized atrial contraction (atrial kick) b Atrial flutter c Bundle of His conduction d Ventricular contraction 37 Which term best describes a clot forming in a vessel at its site? a Embolism b Infarction c Ischemia d Thrombosis 38 Myocardial infarction is most often due to occlusion of which artery? a Right coronary artery b Pulmonary artery c Circumflex artery d Left anterior descending (LAD) artery 39 What term describes the heart’s inability to pump effectively, causing inadequate perfusion? a Heart failure b Arrhythmia c Myocarditis d Cardiomyopathy 40 In native valve infective endocarditis, which valve is most commonly affected? a Mitral valve b Pulmonary valve c Aortic valve d Tricuspid valve Feedback 1 Infective endocarditis affects the valves or endocardial surface, not just the pericardium or myocardium. 2 Staphylococcus aureus, oral Streptococcus, and Enterococci account for the majority. 3 History of endocarditis or prosthetic valves increases risk. 4 Fever, a new murmur, and peripheral signs like splinter hemorrhages are classic. 5 Blood cultures plus echocardiography are essential. 6 Dysrhythmias, valve damage, and heart failure are key complications. 7 Myocarditis involves the heart muscle itself, may cause cellular damage. 8 EMB is the definitive diagnostic test for myocarditis in many cases. 9 Rheumatic fever follows untreated GAS pharyngitis. 10 Prophylaxis helps prevent recurrence and valve damage, especially around procedures. 11 IE = infection of heart valves/endocardium, with vegetation formation. 12 Vegetations consist of fibrin, platelets, and bacteria. 13 Acute IE can cause septic emboli and organ damage. 14 RHD involves immune cross-reactivity after strep infection. 15 ASD = atrial, VSD = ventricular septal defect. 16 MI causes cell death from ischemia due to plaque rupture and clot. 17 AFIB shows irregularly irregular rhythm with fibrillatory atrial activity. 18 Anticoagulation reduces thromboembolic stroke risk in AFIB. 19 HF leads to low output and fluid overload. 20 Nitrates cause vasodilation, lowering preload and myocardial workload. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Cardiac Infections & Diseases Quiz

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Cardiac Infections & Diseases QuizOnline version

by Mawahib Ali

What is infective endocarditis?

Which organisms most commonly cause infective endocarditis?

A risk factor for infective endocarditis includes?

Common clinical signs of infective endocarditis are?

What diagnostic tests are important for suspected infective endocarditis?

Which complication can arise from infective endocarditis?

What is myocarditis?

What is a gold standard test for myocarditis?

What triggers rheumatic fever leading to rheumatic heart disease?

What is the purpose of prophylactic antibiotics in rheumatic heart disease?

What is infective endocarditis primarily?

What are vegetations in IE made of?

Which manifestations are classically seen in acute IE?

Rheumatic heart disease results from what immune mechanism?

What is a key difference between ASD and VSD?

What is the main consequence of MI?

AFIB is characterized by what primary rhythm finding?

Which therapy is primarily used to prevent stroke in AFIB?

Heart failure signs mostly reflect what?

What is the goal of nitrates in angina management?

IE stands for what in the cardiovascular system?

Acute IE commonly causes septic emboli leading to what?

New heart murmur is a hallmark of which condition?

Key idea behind Rheumatic Heart Disease is what immune mechanism?

ASD vs VSD: which defects involve the atria/ventricles respectively?

MI is most often caused by what combo?

AFIB carries high stroke risk due to what mechanism?

Nitrates in angina primarily cause what cardiovascular change?

Stable angina vs MI: what signals myocardial necrosis?

Which drug class is used to stabilize AFIB rhythm?

What is the congenital defect with a hole in the ventricular septum called?

A common noninvasive test that helps detect septal defects is which imaging modality?

Myocarditis is inflammation of which heart tissue?

Which organism is a classic cause of infective endocarditis?

Rheumatic Heart Disease commonly follows infection with which bacteria group?

Atrial fibrillation is characterized by irregularly irregular rhythm and loss of which atrial activity?

Which term best describes a clot forming in a vessel at its site?

Myocardial infarction is most often due to occlusion of which artery?

What term describes the heart’s inability to pump effectively, causing inadequate perfusion?

In native valve infective endocarditis, which valve is most commonly affected?