Quiz: heat transfer (chemistry)


heat transferOnline version Fundamentals of heat transfer by Lance Judiel Cano 1 Which mode of heat transfer occurs without direct contact or a medium? a Advection b Conduction c Convection d Radiation 2 What primarily drives heat transfer by conduction in solids? a Electromagnetic waves b Mass transfer c Molecular/atomic interactions and lattice vibrations d Fluid flow 3 Which material property measures a material's ability to conduct heat? a Thermal inertia b Thermal capacity c Thermal conductivity d Thermal diffusivity 4 Newton’s law of cooling relates to which mode of heat transfer? a Insulation b Convection c Radiation d Conduction 5 What is the formula for steady one-dimensional conduction through a slab? a q = hA(Ts - T∞) b q = -k A (dT/dx) c q = εσA(T^4 - T∞^4) d q = kA (dT/dt) 6 Which condition describes no heat transfer at a boundary? a Perfect conduction b Thermal insulation or adiabatic boundary c Isothermal surface d Thermal contact 7 What primarily drives natural convection? a Magnetic fields b Density differences due to temperature variation c Pressure gradients d Velocity of the fluid only 8 Which mode combines fluid flow and temperature differences to transfer heat? a Insulation b Convection c Conduction d Radiation 9 What term describes the rate of heat transfer per unit area? a Heat flux b Thermal lag c Thermal resistance d Heat capacity 10 Which law relates radiative heat transfer to temperature and emissivity? a Fourier’s law b Newton’s law of cooling c Stefan–Boltzmann law d Planck’s law 11 What is emissivity? a Material's efficiency in emitting thermal radiation b Thermal conductivity c Thermal inertia d Specific heat capacity 12 Which boundary condition involves a known heat transfer coefficient on the surface? a Periodic condition b Dirichlet condition c Convective boundary condition d Neumann condition 13 Which material property helps reduce heat transfer in buildings? a High specific heat b High emissivity c Low thermal conductivity (insulation) d Low density 14 What is the role of a heat transfer coefficient h in convection problems? a Relates density to viscosity b Relates surface heat transfer rate to temperature difference c Relates pressure to velocity d Relates temperature to mass flow 15 Which phase change involves latent heat transfer without temperature change? a Sublimation b Freezing c Condensation d Melting or vaporization 16 What happens to the rate of conduction when thickness increases, for a fixed temperature difference? a Increases b Decreases c Stays the same d Becomes unpredictable 17 Which quantity combines material properties and geometry to predict conduction rate? a Thermal resistance b Thermal diffusivity c Thermal impedance d Thermal capacity 18 In steady state, what must be equal across a perfect conductor? a Emissivity and reflectivity b Heat capacity and density c Pressure and velocity d Heat flux and temperature gradient 19 What is specific heat capacity used for in heat transfer problems? a Energy required to raise a mass’s temperature b Energy lost by a system c Thermal conductivity measure d Rate of heat transfer 20 Which scenario best demonstrates radiation as the dominant mode? a Sun warming a park bench on a sunny day b Ice warming in a cup of water c A metal rod heated by touching a flame d Hot air rising in a room with a fan Feedback 1 Radiation transfers energy via electromagnetic waves, unlike conduction/convection which need contact or a fluid. 2 Conduction rests on interactions and vibrations transferring energy between neighboring particles. 3 Thermal conductivity (k) quantifies how well a material conducts heat. 4 Only convection involves heat exchange with a surrounding fluid and can follow Newton’s law. 5 This is Fourier’s law for conduction: heat flux proportional to temperature gradient. 6 An adiabatic boundary prevents heat transfer across it. 7 Natural convection arises from buoyancy due to density changes with temperature. 8 Convection involves fluid motion carrying heat. 9 Heat flux (q'') is the rate per area. 10 Radiative power per area is εσT^4 per Stefan–Boltzmann. 11 Emissivity ranges 0 to 1 and affects radiation emission. 12 Convective BC uses h and ambient temperature. 13 Insulation lowers heat flow by reducing conductance. 14 h multiplies the temperature difference to give heat transfer rate per area. 15 Latent heat is absorbed or released during phase change at constant temperature. 16 Greater thickness adds thermal resistance, reducing q. 17 Thermal resistance R_th = L/(kA) summarizes opposition to heat flow. 18 Steady state requires balanced energy transfer; temperature gradient sustains q. 19 Specific heat shows how much energy changes temperature per mass. 20 Sunlight heats surfaces primarily by radiation.

1

Which mode of heat transfer occurs without direct contact or a medium?

a

Advection

b

Conduction

c

Convection

d

Radiation

2

What primarily drives heat transfer by conduction in solids?

a

Electromagnetic waves

b

Mass transfer

c

Molecular/atomic interactions and lattice vibrations

d

Fluid flow

3

Which material property measures a material's ability to conduct heat?

a

Thermal inertia

b

Thermal capacity

c

Thermal conductivity

d

Thermal diffusivity

4

Newton’s law of cooling relates to which mode of heat transfer?

a

Insulation

b

Convection

c

Radiation

d

Conduction

5

What is the formula for steady one-dimensional conduction through a slab?

a

q = hA(Ts - T∞)

b

q = -k A (dT/dx)

c

q = εσA(T^4 - T∞^4)

d

q = kA (dT/dt)

6

Which condition describes no heat transfer at a boundary?

a

Perfect conduction

b

Thermal insulation or adiabatic boundary

c

Isothermal surface

d

Thermal contact

7

What primarily drives natural convection?

a

Magnetic fields

b

Density differences due to temperature variation

c

Pressure gradients

d

Velocity of the fluid only

8

Which mode combines fluid flow and temperature differences to transfer heat?

a

Insulation

b

Convection

c

Conduction

d

Radiation

9

What term describes the rate of heat transfer per unit area?

a

Heat flux

b

Thermal lag

c

Thermal resistance

d

Heat capacity

10

Which law relates radiative heat transfer to temperature and emissivity?

a

Fourier’s law

b

Newton’s law of cooling

c

Stefan–Boltzmann law

d

Planck’s law

11

What is emissivity?

a

Material's efficiency in emitting thermal radiation

b

Thermal conductivity

c

Thermal inertia

d

Specific heat capacity

12

Which boundary condition involves a known heat transfer coefficient on the surface?

a

Periodic condition

b

Dirichlet condition

c

Convective boundary condition

d

Neumann condition

13

Which material property helps reduce heat transfer in buildings?

a

High specific heat

b

High emissivity

c

Low thermal conductivity (insulation)

d

Low density

14

What is the role of a heat transfer coefficient h in convection problems?

a

Relates density to viscosity

b

Relates surface heat transfer rate to temperature difference

c

Relates pressure to velocity

d

Relates temperature to mass flow

15

Which phase change involves latent heat transfer without temperature change?

a

Sublimation

b

Freezing

c

Condensation

d

Melting or vaporization

16

What happens to the rate of conduction when thickness increases, for a fixed temperature difference?

a

Increases

b

Decreases

c

Stays the same

d

Becomes unpredictable

17

Which quantity combines material properties and geometry to predict conduction rate?

a

Thermal resistance

b

Thermal diffusivity

c

Thermal impedance

d

Thermal capacity

18

In steady state, what must be equal across a perfect conductor?

a

Emissivity and reflectivity

b

Heat capacity and density

c

Pressure and velocity

d

Heat flux and temperature gradient

19

What is specific heat capacity used for in heat transfer problems?

a

Energy required to raise a mass’s temperature

b

Energy lost by a system

c

Thermal conductivity measure

d

Rate of heat transfer

20

Which scenario best demonstrates radiation as the dominant mode?

a

Sun warming a park bench on a sunny day

b

Ice warming in a cup of water

c

A metal rod heated by touching a flame

d

Hot air rising in a room with a fan

Feedback

1

Radiation transfers energy via electromagnetic waves, unlike conduction/convection which need contact or a fluid.

2

Conduction rests on interactions and vibrations transferring energy between neighboring particles.

3

Thermal conductivity (k) quantifies how well a material conducts heat.

4

Only convection involves heat exchange with a surrounding fluid and can follow Newton’s law.

5

This is Fourier’s law for conduction: heat flux proportional to temperature gradient.

6

An adiabatic boundary prevents heat transfer across it.

7

Natural convection arises from buoyancy due to density changes with temperature.

8

Convection involves fluid motion carrying heat.

9

Heat flux (q'') is the rate per area.

10

Radiative power per area is εσT^4 per Stefan–Boltzmann.

11

Emissivity ranges 0 to 1 and affects radiation emission.

12

Convective BC uses h and ambient temperature.

13

Insulation lowers heat flow by reducing conductance.

14

h multiplies the temperature difference to give heat transfer rate per area.

15

Latent heat is absorbed or released during phase change at constant temperature.

16

Greater thickness adds thermal resistance, reducing q.

17

Thermal resistance R_th = L/(kA) summarizes opposition to heat flow.

18

Steady state requires balanced energy transfer; temperature gradient sustains q.

19

Specific heat shows how much energy changes temperature per mass.

20

Sunlight heats surfaces primarily by radiation.

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heat transferOnline version

by Lance Judiel Cano

Which mode of heat transfer occurs without direct contact or a medium?

What primarily drives heat transfer by conduction in solids?

Which material property measures a material's ability to conduct heat?

Newton’s law of cooling relates to which mode of heat transfer?

What is the formula for steady one-dimensional conduction through a slab?

Which condition describes no heat transfer at a boundary?

What primarily drives natural convection?

Which mode combines fluid flow and temperature differences to transfer heat?

What term describes the rate of heat transfer per unit area?

Which law relates radiative heat transfer to temperature and emissivity?

What is emissivity?

Which boundary condition involves a known heat transfer coefficient on the surface?

Which material property helps reduce heat transfer in buildings?

What is the role of a heat transfer coefficient h in convection problems?

Which phase change involves latent heat transfer without temperature change?

What happens to the rate of conduction when thickness increases, for a fixed temperature difference?

Which quantity combines material properties and geometry to predict conduction rate?

In steady state, what must be equal across a perfect conductor?

What is specific heat capacity used for in heat transfer problems?

Which scenario best demonstrates radiation as the dominant mode?

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