Biology Semester 2 Essentials

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Semester 2 Key Topics

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Biology Semester 2 Essentials


Biology Semester 2 EssentialsOnline version Semester 2 Key Topics by Dot 1 What are the 8 Characteristics of living things (part of an FRQ on the test) a Energy use, growth, movement, respiration b Genetic drift, mutation, speciation, extinction c Organism size, color, height, weight d Cellular organization, reproduction, metabolism, homeostasis, heredity, response to stimuli, growth and development, adaption through evolution 2 What are the 10 Big Ideas of Biology (pick 2 that we have continually covered and state how we have covered the idea in different ways = FRQ on the test) a Atomic theory, quantum biology, plate tectonics b Cellular basis of life, information and heredity, matter and energy, growth development and reproduction, homeostasis, evolution, structure and function, unity and diversity of life, interdependence in nature science as a way of knowing c Genetic engineering, cloning, pharmacology d String theory, relativity, cosmology 3 What are plants? (page 634, second sentence under “The Plant Kingdom”) a Eukaryotes that have cell walls containing cellulose and carry out photosynthesis using chlorophyll a and b. b Prokaryotes that lack a nucleus c Unicellular organisms that lack chloroplasts d Multicellular heterotrophs 4 Be able to draw and label the following parts of a flower: Anther, Filament, Stigma, Style, Ovary, Petal, Sepal a Anther, Filament, Stigma, Style, Ovary, Petal, Sepal b Sepal, Petal, Anther, Filament, Stigma, Style, Ovary c Stamen, Pistil, Petiole, Node, Lamina, Vein, Margin d Root, Stem, Leaf, Node, Internode, Cortex, Pith 5 What are animals? (page 730) a A non-living collection of cells b Single-celled organisms with no nucleus c A living creature that breathes oxygen, eats organic matter, and can move voluntarily d Autotrophic, photosynthesizing organisms 6 What characteristics do all animals share? a Prokaryotic, unicellular organisms b Animals are members of the kingdom Animalia, are multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms whose cells lack cell walls c Autotrophic organisms with rigid cell walls d Plants with chloroplasts and cell walls 7 Intracellular digestion vs extracellular digestion (page 784) a Intracellular digestion is when food inside specialized cells that pass nutrients to other cell by diffusion. Extracellular digestion is the process where food is broken down outside cells in a digestive system and then absorbed. b Extracellular digestion is inside cells; intracellular digestion is outside cells c Intracellular digestion is for plants; extracellular digestion is for animals d Both terms refer to digestion occurring only in the stomach 8 Is gas exchange important for animals? Explain (page 787) a Gas exchange is not necessary for metabolism b Only aquatic animals exchange gases c No, animals do not exchange gases with the environment d Yes, all animals must exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with their surroundings. They have evolved respiratory structures that promote the movement of these gases in the required directions by passive diffusion. 9 Open circulatory systems vs closed circulatory (page 791 & 792) a Both systems keep blood in vessels at all times b Open systems have no blood vessels c In an open circulatory system, blood is only partially contained within a system of blood vessels as it travels through the body. In closed circulatory system, blood circulates entirely within blood vessels that extend throughout the body d Closed systems have blood not within vessels 10 What are the 4 types of tissues found in the human body and their functions? a Cartilage, bone, blood, cartilage b Nervous, lymphatic, adipose, glandular tissues c Epithelial tissue covers internal and external body surfaces, connective tissue connects and supports other tissues, muscle tissue contract or produce movement, nervous tissue coordinates and controls many body activities d Dermal, muscular, vascular, neural 11 The human excretory system is renamed as the _________ system due to a focus of getting rid of ammonia in a diluted solution. a Urinary b Respiratory c Endocrine d Digestive 12 The human circulatory system is better named the ___________ system. a Lymphatic b Cardiologist c Nervous d Digestive 13 Give an analogy for how negative feedback helps keep various human systems in balance. a The thermostat is a good example because when it detects the room is getting too hot it turns on the AC and once it cools off and the room is the desired temperature then the AC shuts off b A bicycle chain keeping momentum c A light switch that is always on d A thermostat that only heats 14 What are the major phases of digestion for the human digestive system? a Digestive phases are not defined b Mechanical phase, enzymatic phase, absorption phase c Cephalic phase is the initial stage that is triggered by sight, smell, or thought of food. Gastric phase involves food being churned in your stomach. Intestinal system for completion of digestion and nutrient absorption d Oral phase only 15 During the process of breaking down your food into usable nutrients, the stomach is responsible for starting the breakdown of ________. a Proteins b Fats c Vitamins d Carbohydrates 16 Amylase in your saliva is helpful for starting the breakdown of ________. a Fats b Proteins c Starches d Nucleic acids 17 What are the two main regions of the nerve cell? a The cell body (soma) and the neurites (includes axons and dendrites) b Nucleus and cytoplasm c Dendrites and axons only d Cell membrane and nucleus 18 Draw and label the 4 main parts of a typical neuron (nerve cell). a Nucleus, mitochondria, ribosome, Golgi apparatus b Axon, dendrite, nucleus, ribosome c Myelin sheath, node of Ranvier, axon hillock, soma d Dendrites, cell body (soma), axon, synaptic terminals 19 What portion of the neuron conducts impulses toward the metabolic center of the cell? What portion conducts impulses away from the metabolic center of the cell? a Dendrites toward the metabolic center; axon away from the metabolic center b Nucleus toward; membrane away c Axon toward; dendrites away d Cell body toward; axon away 20 What are astrocytes and how do they keep the brain safe? a Astrocytes are muscle cells that support neurons b Astrocytes are immune cells that fight infection c Astrocytes are specialized glial cells that keep the brain safe by forming the blood brain barrier d Astrocytes are neurons that transmit signals 21 What two properties do nerve cells (neurons) have? a Mitosis and meiosis b Excitability and conductivity c Insulation and permeability d Contractility and elasticity 22 Page 64 & 65 organization of the Biosphere (FRQ) a Unrelated content b Page 64 & 65 organization of the Biosphere (FRQ) c Different topic d No information 23 What are the two forms of Autotrophs? (processes on bottom of page 70) a Photosynthesis and chemosynthesis b Respiration and fermentation c Transduction and replication d Glycolysis and Krebs cycle 24 What are the 6 forms of consumers? a Herbivores, omnivores, detritivores, parasites, decomposers, saprophytes b Producers, consumers, decomposers, detritivores, parasites, saprophytes c herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, scavengers, detritivores, and decomposers d Carnivores, herbivores, omnivores, scavengers, parasites, hosts 25 Give an example of a food chain that starts with the sun and ends with either a tertiary (3rd level) consumer or quaternary consumer (4th level) OR a scavenger OR a decomposer a Moon → star → comet → asteroid b Sun → tree → sunlight → oxygen → mineral c Sun → water → fish → shark → whale d sun → grass → grasshopper → frog → bird (carnivore/tertiary) OR sun → grass → grasshopper → frog → decomposer 26 State one biome and how it is characterized (FRQ) a Desert with little rainfall b Temperate grassland with seasonal rainfall c Tundra with cold temperatures d Tropical rainforest is characterized location in Southeast Asia weather is humid and constant rainfall 27 Aquatic Ecosystem blue key p. 117: Aquatic organisms are affected primarily by the water's depth, temperature, flow, and amount of dissolved nutrients a By soil type on the riverbank b Only by light availability c By atmospheric pressure and humidity d Aquatic organisms are affected primarily by the waters depth, temperature, flow, and amount of dissolved nutrients 28 Vocab from chapter 3: Species a A single organism b The largest group of organisms capable of interbreeding in nature c A non-living entity d A type of plant 29 Vocab from chapter 3: Community a A single organism and its offspring b All the interacting populations of different species that live and coexist in a particular geographical area c A group of plants only d A non-living environment 30 Vocab from chapter 3: Ecosystem a A functional unit of nature consisting of a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non living community b A non-living rock formation c A single species in an area d A system of planets and stars 31 Vocab from chapter 3: Biotic Factor a Living components of an ecosystem that shape an environment. Including all living organisms like plants and animals b Non-living chemical elements c Abiotic components only d Forces and energies only 32 Vocab from chapter 3: Autotroph a Organism that cannot photosynthesize b Organism that decomposes matter c Organism that consumes others d Organism capable of producing its own organic food substances 33 Vocab from chapter 3: Photosynthesis a Digestion and absorption b Biological process where phototrophic organisms convert light energy into chemical energy to fuel their metabolism c Transcription and translation d Respiration and fermentation 34 Vocab from chapter 3: Heterotroph a Producer b Photosynthesizer c This is an organism that cannot produce its own food and must obtain energy and nutrients by consuming other organisms d Autotroph 35 Vocab from chapter 3: Carnivore a An organism that decomposes matter b An organism that eats plants only c An organism that eats fungi d An organism that derives its energy from eating animal tissue 36 Vocab from chapter 3: Scavenger a An organism that decomposes nothing b A consumer that only eats plants c An organism that primarily consists of decaying biomass or rotting plant matter, rather then hunting for its own food d A producer that makes its own food 37 Vocab from chapter 3: Decomposer a An organism that stores energy b An organism that breaks down dead or decaying organic matter to obtain energy and nutrients c A producer that photosynthesizes d An organism that hunts live prey 38 Vocab from chapter 3: Food Chain a A random collection of organisms b A linear sequence that represents the transfer of matter and energy from one organism to another within an ecosystem c A system of chemical reactions in water d A circular sequence of energy in organisms 39 Vocab from chapter 3: Trophic Level a Size of organism b The specific position an organism occupies in a food chain/web, determined by its feeding mode and sources of energy c Color of organism d Habitat type 40 Vocab from chapter 3: Biomass a The total number of organisms b The energy content of the sun c The total mass of living organisms within a specific ecosystem at a given time d The age of the ecosystem 41 Vocab from chapter 3: Nitrogen Fixation a Process where carbon is fixed b Process where nitrogen is released into the atmosphere c Process where specific microorganisms convert inert atmospheric gas into ammonia d Process where ammonia is converted to nitrate 42 Vocab from chapter 3: Denitrification a Process where nitrogen is fixed into ammonia b Process where carbon is fixed into glucose c Process where nitrate is oxidized to nitrite d Microbially facilitated process of reducing nitrate into nitrogen compounds

Biology Semester 2 Essentials

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Biology Semester 2 EssentialsOnline version

by Dot

What are the 8 Characteristics of living things (part of an FRQ on the test)

What are the 10 Big Ideas of Biology (pick 2 that we have continually covered and state how we have covered the idea in different ways = FRQ on the test)

What are plants? (page 634, second sentence under “The Plant Kingdom”)

Be able to draw and label the following parts of a flower: Anther, Filament, Stigma, Style, Ovary, Petal, Sepal

What are animals? (page 730)

What characteristics do all animals share?

Intracellular digestion vs extracellular digestion (page 784)

Is gas exchange important for animals? Explain (page 787)

Open circulatory systems vs closed circulatory (page 791 & 792)

What are the 4 types of tissues found in the human body and their functions?

The human excretory system is renamed as the _________ system due to a focus of getting rid of ammonia in a diluted solution.

The human circulatory system is better named the ___________ system.

Give an analogy for how negative feedback helps keep various human systems in balance.

What are the major phases of digestion for the human digestive system?

During the process of breaking down your food into usable nutrients, the stomach is responsible for starting the breakdown of ________.

Amylase in your saliva is helpful for starting the breakdown of ________.

What are the two main regions of the nerve cell?

Draw and label the 4 main parts of a typical neuron (nerve cell).

What portion of the neuron conducts impulses toward the metabolic center of the cell? What portion conducts impulses away from the metabolic center of the cell?

What are astrocytes and how do they keep the brain safe?

What two properties do nerve cells (neurons) have?

Page 64 & 65 organization of the Biosphere (FRQ)

What are the two forms of Autotrophs? (processes on bottom of page 70)

What are the 6 forms of consumers?

Give an example of a food chain that starts with the sun and ends with either a tertiary (3rd level) consumer or quaternary consumer (4th level) OR a scavenger OR a decomposer

State one biome and how it is characterized (FRQ)

Aquatic Ecosystem blue key p. 117: Aquatic organisms are affected primarily by the water's depth, temperature, flow, and amount of dissolved nutrients

Vocab from chapter 3: Species

Vocab from chapter 3: Community

Vocab from chapter 3: Ecosystem

Vocab from chapter 3: Biotic Factor

Vocab from chapter 3: Autotroph

Vocab from chapter 3: Photosynthesis

Vocab from chapter 3: Heterotroph

Vocab from chapter 3: Carnivore

Vocab from chapter 3: Scavenger

Vocab from chapter 3: Decomposer

Vocab from chapter 3: Food Chain

Vocab from chapter 3: Trophic Level

Vocab from chapter 3: Biomass

Vocab from chapter 3: Nitrogen Fixation

Vocab from chapter 3: Denitrification