Recombination & Transposons Quiz

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Genetic recombination basics

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Isabelle Shiraishi

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Recombination & Transposons Quiz


Recombination & Transposons QuizOnline version Genetic recombination basics by Isabelle Shiraishi 1 In 1947, it was shown independently by Al Hershey and Max Delbrück that allelic genes can exchange chromosomal locations via genetic recombination. a Only in viruses b False c Only in bacteria d True 2 Bacteriophage T2: h–r+ and h+r –. What does h– indicate? a infects E. coli; h–: not infectious b infects E. coli; h–: infectious c h– indicates slow lysis d h– indicates rapid lysis 3 What happens when T2 is h– and h+? a infects both strains of E. coli; leaves 'clear' plaques when h– b infects neither strain; leaves no plaques c infects one strain only; leaves 'cloudy' plaques d leaves only small plaques 4 Which of the following is NOT listed as a purpose of recombination in the processes described? a restart replication after fork collapse b repair of some double strand breaks in DNA c reset replication when stalled d synthesis of new proteins unrelated to replication e generating genetic diversity 5 What are the three types of recombination discussed in this class? a 1. Random recombination 2. Non-homologous recombination 3. Transcriptional recombination b 1. Homologous recombination 2. Site-specific recombination 3. Transposition c 1. End-repair 2. Ligation 3. Replication d 1. Classical recombination 2. Atypical recombination 3. Non-specific recombination 6 What is the Holliday junction? a a four-way junction where four DNA strands are involved and two single strands are exchanged b a protein complex that cuts DNA at random c a helical turn in DNA during replication d the site where RNA is transcribed from DNA 7 Resolution of a Holliday junction can yield recombinant heteroduplex. Which of the following represents recombinant heteroduplex after resolution? a AB, ab b aB, Ab c Ab, aB d ab, AB 8 What initiates homologous recombination as described in the DSB repair model? a Double strand breaks (DSB) are converted by Spo11 b Single-strand breaks c Replication fork stalling d Base excision repair 9 Which repair pathways are associated with stalled or collapsed replication forks? a Only Ligase and Pol I b RecA, RuvAB (branch migration), and RuvC (resolves Holliday junction) plus RecF, RecO, RecR for ss gaps c Only RecA and RecBCD d Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) alone 10 Site-specific recombination diagrams show two main outcomes. What are they? a Transposition and Duplication b Methylation and Acetylation c Replication and Transcription d Inversion and Deletion/insertion 11 Transposable elements can be classified into three classes in prokaryotes. What is the simplest class? a Insertion sequences (IS elements) b Composite transposons c Tn transposons d Retrotransposons 12 What is a defining feature of replicative transposition? a The transposon is copied and the original is degraded b Transposition only occurs during replication of the host chromosome c A copy of the transposon is inserted at the target site while another copy remains at the donor site d The transposon is excised and reinserted at a new site 13 There are two major modes of transposition. What are they? a Non-replicative and Replicative b Single-strand and Double-strand transposition c Insertion and Deletion d Cut-and-paste and Replicative transposition 14 What is the main role of recombination in evolution? a Replication of DNA b Direct protein synthesis from RNA c Creation of new enzymes d Exchange of DNA segments between molecules 15 Which process repairs double-strand breaks using a homologous chromosome as template? a Non-homologous end joining b Site-specific recombination c Transposition d Homologous recombination 16 What structure is central to many homologous recombination events? a Double helix with mismatches b Transposon c Holliday junction d Replication fork 17 Which type of recombination does not require extensive sequence homology? a Non-homologous end joining b Homologous recombination c Site-specific recombination d Transposition 18 What can transposons cause when two facing transposons recombine? a Protein misfolding b Inversion of host DNA segment c No change to genome d Gene deletion only 19 What is a key difference between cut-and-paste and replicative transposition? a Neither duplicates DNA b Both delete host DNA c Only cut-and-paste duplicates d Copy-and-paste can duplicate the element 20 Which enzyme complex resolves Holliday junctions? a RuvC (and related resolvases) b DNA polymerase I c Ligase III d RecA only 21 What initiates homologous recombination in many models? a Single-strand gaps b RNA interference c Crossing over without breaks d Double-strand breaks (DSB) 22 What term describes genes or sequences that move around the genome without fixed locations? a Ribozymes b Transposable elements (transposons) c Operons d Plasmids 23 What is one consequence of transposition in genomes? a Protein synthesis stop b DNA replication stops everywhere c Chromosomal rearrangements d Immediate cell death Feedback 14 Recombination shuffles alleles by exchanging DNA segments. 15 HR uses a homologous chromosome to copy lost sequences. 16 Holliday junction is the crossover intermediate. 17 Site-specific uses short, specific sequences. 18 Replicative or non-replicative events can invert segments. 19 Replicative transposition copies the element while the original remains. 20 RuvC resolves the junctions to complete recombination. 21 DSBs trigger the repair/recombination pathway. 22 Transposons can move and rearrange genomes. 23 Transposition can cause inversions, deletions, or other rearrangements.

Recombination & Transposons Quiz

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Recombination & Transposons QuizOnline version

by Isabelle Shiraishi

In 1947, it was shown independently by Al Hershey and Max Delbrück that allelic genes can exchange chromosomal locations via genetic recombination.

Bacteriophage T2: h–r+ and h+r –. What does h– indicate?

What happens when T2 is h– and h+?

Which of the following is NOT listed as a purpose of recombination in the processes described?

What are the three types of recombination discussed in this class?

What is the Holliday junction?

Resolution of a Holliday junction can yield recombinant heteroduplex. Which of the following represents recombinant heteroduplex after resolution?

What initiates homologous recombination as described in the DSB repair model?

Which repair pathways are associated with stalled or collapsed replication forks?

Site-specific recombination diagrams show two main outcomes. What are they?

Transposable elements can be classified into three classes in prokaryotes. What is the simplest class?

What is a defining feature of replicative transposition?

There are two major modes of transposition. What are they?

What is the main role of recombination in evolution?

Which process repairs double-strand breaks using a homologous chromosome as template?

What structure is central to many homologous recombination events?

Which type of recombination does not require extensive sequence homology?

What can transposons cause when two facing transposons recombine?

What is a key difference between cut-and-paste and replicative transposition?

Which enzyme complex resolves Holliday junctions?

What initiates homologous recombination in many models?

What term describes genes or sequences that move around the genome without fixed locations?

What is one consequence of transposition in genomes?