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Pharmacology Quiz: Cardio-Resp/Autoimmune

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Pharma topics quiz

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Pharmacology Quiz: Cardio-Resp/Autoimmune
 

Pharmacology Quiz: Cardio-Resp/AutoimmuneOnline version

Pharma topics quiz

by HODGES TANIA MAXINE
1

Question 1: Macrolides (KROK 2021)A 22-year-old university student is diagnosed with atypical pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The physician prescribes Azithromycin. What is the precise molecular mechanism of action of this pharmacological agent?A. Inhibits bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesisB. Blocks the 30S ribosomal subunit, causing mRNA misreadingC. Binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting translocationD. Inhibits DNA gyrase and prevents double-stranded replicationE.

2

Question 2: Vasodilators (KROK 2018)A 48-year-old female patient being treated for refractory chronic hypertension with Hydralazine presents to the clinic with an erythematous butterfly rash across her face, severe joint pain, and a low-grade fever. Laboratory testing confirms a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer. What is the diagnosis?A. Type I immediate hypersensitivity reactionB. Acute tubular necrosis secondary to drug toxicityC. Drug-Induced Lupus Erythematosus (DILE)D. Pseudomembran

3

Question 3: Vasodilators (KROK 2022)A hypertensive patient is administered an intravenous dose of Hydralazine during a hypertensive emergency. The drug directly relaxes arteriolar smooth muscle. Minutes later, the patients monitor registers a sudden, sharp increase in heart rate (Tachycardia). What physiologic mechanism explains this cardiac response?A. Direct stimulation of cardiac b1drenergic receptors by the drugB. Parasympathetic activation via the vagus nerveC. Reflex tachycardia mediate

4

Question 4: Bronchodilators (KROK 2024)A 24-year-old asthmatic patient overuses his Albuterol rescue inhaler during an acute exacerbation. He presents to the clinic complaining of fine finger tremors and an uncomfortably fast heartbeat. What is the direct cellular cause of his hand tremors?A. Cross-activation of cardiac b2drenergic receptorsB. Excessive accumulation of extracellular potassium in jointsC. Stimulation of b2 adrenergic receptors in skeletal muscleD. Blockade of nicotinic recept

5

Question 5: ACE Inhibitors (KROK 2019)A 52-year-old male with long-standing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and newly diagnosed hypertension is prescribed Lisinopril. The physician explains that this medication will provide renal protection alongside blood pressure control. How does this drug preserve kidney function in diabetic nephropathy?A. Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole to drop fluid intakeB. Direct blockade of L-type voltage-gated calcium channelsC. Dilation of the efferent arteriole,

6

Question 6: ACE Inhibitors (KROK 2023)A patient taking Captopril for chronic hypertension is rushed to the emergency room with severe swelling of the tongue, lips, and upper airway (Angioedema). What endogenous substance accumulated in the respiratory tissues to cause this life-threatening vascular event?A. Angiotensin IIB. AldosteroneC. BradykininD. NorepinephrineE. Renin

7

Question 7: b2-Blockers (KROK 2017)A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension and severe bronchial asthma is accidentally prescribed high-dose Metoprolol. Shortly after taking the first dose, he presents with severe wheezing, dyspnea, and respiratory distress. What is the cause of this adverse reaction?A. Activation of muscarinic Mb3 receptors in the airwaysB. Competitive stimulation of pulmonary f22 receptorsC. Spillover blockade of b2 4 receptors in bronchial smooth muscleD. Massive

8

Question 8: b-Blockers (KROK 2021)An electrocardiogram (ECG) reveals severe sinus bradycardia (heart rate of 42 bpm) in a patient who recently initiated a new cardiovascular medication regimen. Which receptor-blocking action is directly responsible for slowing down this patient's cardiac pacing?A. Blockade of b1-adrenergic receptors on vascular wallsB. Blockade of muscarinic M receptors on the sinoatrial nodeC. Blockade of b1-adrenergic receptors on the sinoatrial nodeD. Blockade of b2-adre

9

Question 9: Calcium Channel Blockers (KROK 2022)A 65-year-old male taking Amlodipine daily for chronic hypertension presents with substantial, painless ankle and lower-extremity swelling (Peripheral edema). What is the underlying hemodynamical mechanism causing this fluid shift?A. Systemic venoconstriction elevating deep venous pressureB. Acute renal failure leading to general fluid retentionC. Asymmetric precapillary arteriolar vasodilationD. Right-sided congestive heart failure developmentE. D

10

Question 10: Calcium Channel Blockers (KROK 2018)A pharmacology researcher tracks the cellular action of Amlodipine on vascular tissue segments. The drug successfully prevents smooth muscle contraction, inducing peripheral vasodilation. What is the exact cellular target of this medication?A. Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs)B. b20-adrenergic transmembrane receptorsC. L-type voltage-gated calcium channelsD. 2 -adrenergic transmembrane receptorsE. Bacterial 30S ribosomal subunits

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