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Nuclear Physics Quiz: Cambridge A‑Level

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Nuclear concepts and basics

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Nuclear Physics Quiz: Cambridge A‑Level
 

Nuclear Physics Quiz: Cambridge A‑LevelOnline version

Nuclear concepts and basics

by Fatma Alif
1

Which force is primarily responsible for holding nucleons together in the nucleus?

2

What does the mass defect refer to in nuclear reactions?

3

Which statement best describes beta minus decay?

4

Which unit is commonly used to express binding energy?

5

In fission, what is a typical product distribution?

6

3. What is binding energy?

7

4. How does binding energy per nucleon vary with nucleon number?

8

5. Define nuclear fusion.

9

6. Define nuclear fission.

10

7. Why is binding energy per nucleon important for reactions?

11

8. How do you calculate energy released in a reaction?

12

9. Which nucleus has one of the highest binding energy per nucleon?

13

10. What is the practical relevance of the mass–energy equivalence in nuclear reactions?

14

Fluctuations in count rate provide evidence for what aspect of radioactive decay?

15

Radioactive decay is inherently what two characteristics?

16

What does the activity A = λN represent?

17

Define half-life in radioactive decay.

18

What is the relation between λ and the half-life t1/2?

19

In the decay law x = x0 e^{-λ t}, what can x represent?

20

After one half-life, what is x relative to x0?

21

If N0 is the initial nuclei and λ is the decay constant, how is activity A defined?

22

Which statement best describes the randomness of decays?

23

What is the practical meaning of half-life in decay curves?

Feedback

The strong force is short-ranged and binds protons and neutrons.

Mass defect relates to binding energy via E=mc^2.

Beta minus changes charge and emits an electron and antineutrino.

Binding energy is typically given as MeV per nucleon for nuclei.

Fission commonly yields two fission fragments and neutrons.

Binding energy is the energy needed to break the nucleus apart.

Peak around Fe-56 explains why fusion/fission occur toward that region.

Fusion releases energy for light elements when bound more tightly.

Fission releases energy when heavy nuclei split into lighter, more bound products.

Higher binding energy per nucleon means more energy can be released in forming the nucleus.

Energy from mass defect via E = Δm c^2.

Fe-56 is near the peak of the binding energy per nucleon curve.

Mass loss in reactions converts to released energy via E = mc^2.

Fluctuations arise from the probabilistic, not deterministic, decay of individual nuclei.

Decay events occur without external cause and are probabilistic in time.

A = λN defines how many decays occur per unit time given N nuclei and λ.

Half-life t1/2 is the interval in which N drops to N/2.

By definition, λ is 0.693 divided by the half-life.

x can denote activity A, number of undecayed nuclei N, or detected count rate.

By definition of half-life, the quantity decays to half after t1/2.

Activity is the rate of decay, proportional to N with factor λ.

Each nucleus has a constant probability of decay per unit time independent of others.

Half-life characterizes the rate at which the observable quantity halves over time.

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